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Unlocking the Self: Exploring the Domains of Personality Psychology
Introduction:
Ever wondered why some people are outgoing and others introspective? Why some thrive on challenges while others prefer routine? The fascinating field of personality psychology seeks to answer these questions by exploring the diverse ways individuals think, feel, and behave. This comprehensive guide delves into the key domains of personality psychology, providing a clear understanding of the major theoretical frameworks and their practical implications. We'll explore the different approaches used to understand personality, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and ultimately providing you with a richer appreciation for the complexities of human individuality. Get ready to unravel the mysteries of the self!
1. The Lexical Approach: Unearthing Personality Through Language
The lexical approach to personality, a cornerstone of personality psychology, posits that important individual differences will eventually become encoded in language. This means that if a trait is truly significant, there will be many words to describe it across various cultures and languages. Researchers analyzing large dictionaries and corpora of text identify personality-related terms, then statistically analyze their interrelationships to identify underlying factors or dimensions of personality. This method has been instrumental in identifying key traits like extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness. However, a limitation is the reliance on existing language, which may not capture all important aspects of personality. The sheer volume of data necessitates sophisticated statistical techniques to uncover meaningful patterns.
2. The Statistical Approach: Factor Analysis and Beyond
The statistical approach complements the lexical approach by employing factor analysis to reduce large sets of personality-related data into smaller, more manageable clusters. Researchers collect data using self-report questionnaires, peer ratings, or behavioral observations. Factor analysis then identifies underlying latent variables that account for the correlations among observed traits. This method has led to models like the "Big Five" personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism), which have become a dominant framework in the field. The strength lies in its quantitative rigor, but limitations include the potential for subjective interpretation of factor structures and the reliance on the quality of the initial data.
3. The Theoretical Approach: Developing Comprehensive Models
Unlike the data-driven approaches above, the theoretical approach begins with a pre-defined theory of personality. This approach might stem from psychodynamic perspectives (like Freud's psychoanalytic theory), humanistic perspectives (emphasizing self-actualization and personal growth), or biological perspectives (focusing on genetic and neurological influences). Theories often guide the development of specific assessment methods and the selection of relevant variables. While offering a structured framework, theoretical approaches can sometimes be limited by the biases inherent in the initial assumptions of the theory. Rigorous empirical testing is crucial to validate these theoretical frameworks.
4. The Biological Approach: Genes, Brains, and Behavior
The biological approach explores the genetic and physiological underpinnings of personality. Twin and adoption studies, for example, help tease apart the relative contributions of nature versus nurture. Neuroimaging techniques allow researchers to investigate brain structures and activity patterns associated with specific personality traits. This approach provides valuable insights into the biological bases of individual differences but faces challenges in interpreting complex interactions between genes, environment, and behavior. Ethical considerations surrounding genetic testing also require careful attention.
5. The Psychodynamic Approach: Unconscious Motives and Conflicts
Rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud, the psychodynamic approach emphasizes the role of unconscious motives, conflicts, and early childhood experiences in shaping personality. It focuses on internal mental processes and the interplay between the id, ego, and superego. While influential, this approach has been criticized for its lack of empirical support and its limited generalizability. However, some aspects of psychodynamic theory, such as the importance of unconscious processes and defense mechanisms, remain relevant to contemporary personality psychology.
6. The Humanistic Approach: Self-Actualization and Personal Growth
In contrast to the psychodynamic emphasis on internal conflicts, the humanistic approach emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and their potential for self-actualization—the process of fulfilling one's potential. Key figures like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers highlighted the importance of self-esteem, personal growth, and the creation of a meaningful life. This approach has influenced therapeutic practices but faces criticisms for its lack of rigorous empirical testing and its potentially overly optimistic view of human nature.
7. Integrating the Domains: A Holistic Perspective
While different approaches to understanding personality may seem disparate, an integrative perspective recognizes the value of considering multiple levels of analysis. A comprehensive understanding of personality necessitates examining the interplay between genetic predispositions, neurological mechanisms, cognitive processes, social influences, and cultural contexts. This holistic approach allows for a more nuanced and complete picture of the individual, acknowledging the complexity of human behavior.
8. Applications of Personality Psychology: Beyond the Lab
Understanding personality isn't just an academic exercise. It has significant practical applications in various fields. In organizational psychology, personality assessments help match individuals to suitable jobs and predict job performance. In clinical psychology, personality characteristics are crucial in understanding and treating mental health disorders. In education, understanding personality can enhance teaching strategies and student support. The applications of personality psychology are far-reaching and continually evolving.
Book Outline: "Exploring the Domains of Personality Psychology"
Introduction: Defining personality psychology and outlining the key domains explored in the book.
Chapter 1: The Lexical Approach: Exploring the relationship between language and personality traits.
Chapter 2: The Statistical Approach: Factor analysis and the development of major personality models.
Chapter 3: The Theoretical Approach: Examining prominent theories of personality and their implications.
Chapter 4: Biological Foundations of Personality: Genetics, brain structure, and neurochemistry.
Chapter 5: Psychodynamic Perspectives: Unconscious processes and early childhood experiences.
Chapter 6: Humanistic Perspectives: Self-actualization, personal growth, and positive psychology.
Chapter 7: Integrating Perspectives: A holistic view of personality development and functioning.
Chapter 8: Applications of Personality Psychology: Practical implications across various fields.
Conclusion: Summary of key findings and future directions in personality psychology.
(Detailed explanations of each chapter would follow here, mirroring the content already discussed above, but expanded and elaborated upon with additional examples and research findings.)
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between personality traits and personality types? Traits represent continuous dimensions of personality, while types categorize individuals into distinct groups.
2. Is personality fixed or changeable? Personality is relatively stable over time, but it can also change in response to significant life events or intentional efforts at self-improvement.
3. How accurate are personality tests? The accuracy of personality tests depends on the quality of the test and the context in which it's used. Self-report measures are subject to biases, while observational methods provide a different perspective.
4. What are the ethical considerations of using personality assessments? Ethical concerns include ensuring informed consent, protecting confidentiality, and avoiding misinterpretations or discriminatory practices.
5. How does culture influence personality? Culture shapes the expression and interpretation of personality traits, influencing both individual differences and cultural norms.
6. What is the relationship between personality and mental health? Certain personality traits are associated with an increased risk of certain mental health disorders.
7. How can understanding personality improve relationships? Knowing your own personality and the personalities of others can lead to greater self-awareness and more effective communication and conflict resolution.
8. What are the future directions in personality psychology? Emerging areas include research on digital personality, the role of social media in personality expression, and the development of personalized interventions based on personality profiles.
9. Where can I find reliable resources to learn more about personality psychology? Academic journals, reputable websites (e.g., the American Psychological Association), and textbooks are excellent resources.
Related Articles:
1. The Big Five Personality Traits: A Comprehensive Overview: Explores the five major factors of personality and their implications.
2. The Dark Triad of Personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy: Discusses these three negative personality traits and their consequences.
3. Personality and Job Satisfaction: Finding the Right Fit: Explores the link between personality and career success.
4. Personality and Mental Health: Understanding the Connections: Examines how personality influences the risk and resilience of mental health problems.
5. The Role of Genetics in Personality Development: Discusses the heritability of personality traits.
6. Cultural Influences on Personality: A Cross-Cultural Perspective: Explores how culture shapes personality expression.
7. Personality Assessment Techniques: An Overview: Provides a summary of various methods used to assess personality.
8. Personality and Relationships: Building Strong Connections: Examines how personality influences interpersonal dynamics.
9. The Impact of Life Experiences on Personality Development: Discusses how significant life events shape personality over time.
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature Randy Larsen, David Buss, 2008 Larsen and Buss's Personality Psychology is based on a framework of six important domains of knowledge about personality functioning. These six domains are the dispositional domain (traits, trait taxonomies, and personality dispositions over time), the biological domain (physiology, genetics, evolution), the intrapsychic domain (psychodynamics, motives), the cognitive/experiential domain (cognition, emotion, and the self), the social and cultural domain (social interaction, gender, and culture), and the adjustment domain (stress, coping, health, and personality disorders). This book is based on the notion that these domains of knowledge represent the organizing structure of contemporary personality psychology. |
| domains of personality psychology: EBOOK: Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature LARSEN, 2020-12-07 EBOOK: Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Randy J. Larsen, David M. Buss, 2010 Randy Larsen and David Buss demonstrate how scientists approach the study of personality.--Back cover. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Randy J. Larsen, David Buss, Andreas Anne Johannes Wismeijer, John Song, 2017-03 In this 6th edition of Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature, Randy Larsen and David Buss dynamically demonstrate how scientists approach the study of personality. Major findings, both classical and contemporary, are presented in the context of six key domains: Dispositional, Biological, Intrapsychic, Cognitive/Experimental, Social and Cultural, and Adjustment. Providing a foundation for the analysis and understanding of human personality. The Connect course for this offering includes SmartBook, an adaptive reading and study experience which guides students to master, recall, and apply key concepts while providing automatically-graded assessments. McGraw-Hill Connect® is a subscription-based learning service accessible online through your personal computer or tablet. Choose this option if your instructor will require Connect to be used in the course. Your subscription to Connect includes the following: SmartBook® - an adaptive digital version of the course textbook that personalizes your reading experience based on how well you are learning the content. Access to your instructor's homework assignments, quizzes, syllabus, notes, reminders, and other important files for the course. Progress dashboards that quickly show how you are performing on your assignments and tips for improvement. The option to purchase (for a small fee) a print version of the book. This binder-ready, loose-leaf version includes free shipping. Complete system requirements to use Connect can be found here: http://www.mheducation.com/highered/platforms/connect/training-support-students.html-- |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Randy J. Larsen, David M. Buss, David B. King, 2023 |
| domains of personality psychology: ISE Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature Randy J. Larsen, David M. Buss, 2020-11-23 |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Randy J. Larsen, David M. Buss, David B. King, Carolyn E. Ensley, 2023 |
| domains of personality psychology: Clinical Psychology Andrew M. Pomerantz, 2019-07-30 The best-selling Clinical Psychology: Science, Practice, and Diversity presents an inclusive and culturally competent view of the vast world of clinical psychology. Through lively examples, robust scholarship, and a highly readable narrative, award-winning author Andrew M. Pomerantz explores the key topics of clinical assessment, psychotherapy, and ethical and professional issues while also incorporating discussions of current controversies and specialized topics. The Fifth Edition includes a new career-focused feature, original videos addressing ethical issues, and updates reflecting the latest research findings in the field. INSTRUCTORS: Clinical Psychology is accompanied by free SAGE edge online resources, including In My Practice whiteboard videos. These original videos breathe life into concepts via stories drawn from the author′s own experience as a practicing clinician. |
| domains of personality psychology: PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY RANDY. LARSEN, 2017 |
| domains of personality psychology: LOOSELEAF FOR PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY: DOMAINS OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HUMAN NATURE Randy Larsen, David Buss, 2011-01-19 |
| domains of personality psychology: Dimensions of Personality Martin Rein, Hans Eysenck, 2018-02-06 This is the original work on which Hans Eysenck's fifty years of research have been built. It introduced many new ideas about the nature and measurement of personality into the field, related personality to abnormal psychology, and demonstrated the possibility of testing personality theory experimentally. The book is the result of a concentrated and cooperative effort to discover the main dimensions of personality, and to define them operationally, that is, by means of strictly experimental, quantitative procedures. More than three dozen separate researches were carried out on some 10,000 normal and neurotic subjects by a research team of psychologists and psychiatrists. A special feature of this work is the close collaboration between psychologists and psychiatrists. Eysenck believes that the exploration of personality would have reached an advanced state much earlier had such a collaboration been the rule rather than the exception in studies of this kind. Both disciplines benefit by working together on the many problems they have in common. In his new introduction, Eysenck discusses the difficulty he had in conveying this belief to scientists from opposite ends of the psychology spectrum when he first began work on this book. He goes on to explain the basis from which Dimensions of Personality developed. Central to any concept of personality, he states, must be hierarchies of traits organized into a dimensional system. The two major dimensions he posited, neuroticism and extraversion, were in disfavor with most scientists of personality at the time. Now they form part of practically all descriptions of personality. Dimensions of Personality is a landmark study and should be read by both students and professionals in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, and sociology. |
| domains of personality psychology: Social Cognitive Psychology David F. Barone, James E. Maddux, C. R. Snyder, 2012-11-19 A pragmatic social cognitive psychology covers a lot of territory, mostly in personality and social psychology but also in clinical, counseling, and school psychologies. It spans a topic construed as an experimental study of mechanisms by its natural science wing and as a study of cultural interactions by its social science wing. To learn about it, one should visit laboratories, field study settings, and clinics, and one should read widely. If one adds the fourth dimen sion, time, one should visit the archives too. To survey such a diverse field, it is common to offer an edited book with a resulting loss in integration. This book is coauthored by a social personality psychologist with historical interests (DFB: Parts I, II, and IV) in collaboration with two social clinical psychologists (CRS and JEM: Parts III and V). We frequently cross-reference between chapters to aid integration without duplication. To achieve the kind of diversity our subject matter represents, we build each chapter anew to reflect the emphasis of its content area. Some chapters are more historical, some more theoretical, some more empirical, and some more applied. All the chapters reflect the following positions. |
| domains of personality psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology Philip J. Corr, Gerald Matthews, 2020-07-31 Research on personality psychology is making important contributions to psychological science and applied psychology. This second edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology offers a one-stop resource for scientific personality psychology. It summarizes cutting-edge personality research in all its forms, including genetics, psychometrics, social-cognitive psychology, and real-world expressions, with informative and lively chapters that also highlight some areas of controversy. The team of renowned international authors, led by two esteemed editors, ensures a wide range of theoretical perspectives. Each research area is discussed in terms of scientific foundations, main theories and findings, and future directions for research. The handbook also features advances in technology, such as molecular genetics and functional neuroimaging, as well as contemporary statistical approaches. An invaluable aid to understanding the central role played by personality in psychology, it will appeal to students, researchers, and practitioners in psychology, behavioral neuroscience, and the social sciences. |
| domains of personality psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity and Personality Research Gregory J. Feist, Roni Reiter-Palmon, James C. Kaufman, 2017-01-31 As individual subjects, creativity and personality have been the focus of much research and many publications. This Cambridge Handbook is the first to bring together these two topics and explores how personality and behavior affects creativity. Contributors from around the globe present cutting-edge research about how personality traits and motives make creative behavior more likely. Many aspects of personality and behavior are examined in the chapters, including genius, emotions, psychopathology, entrepreneurship, and multiculturalism, to analyse the impact of these on creativity. The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity and Personality Research will be the definitive resource for researchers, students and academics who study psychology, personality, and creativity. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Randy J. Larsen, David M. Buss, David King, Carolyn Ensley, 2020-02-10 Larsen, Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature, 2nd Canadian Edition features the latest in Canadian research. Content has been updated throughout to ensure information is current, relevant and relatable to today's student. The new edition continues to adopt the trusted framework of six important domains of knowledge about personality functioning. These domains include: Dispositional, Biological, Intrapsychic, Cognitive/Experimental, Social and/Culture, and Adjustment. This resource is ideal for degree-level Personality Psychology courses, or for any learner eager to explore personality psychology from a Canadian perspective. |
| domains of personality psychology: The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes John F. Rauthmann, 2021-01-20 The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes is a primer to the basic and most important concepts, theories, methods, empirical findings, and applications of personality dynamics and processes. This book details how personality psychology has evolved from descriptive research to a more explanatory and dynamic science of personality, thus bridging structure- and process-based approaches, and it also reflects personality psychology's interest in the dynamic organization and interplay of thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions within persons who are always embedded into social, cultural and historic contexts. The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes tackles each topic with a range of methods geared towards assessing and analyzing their dynamic nature, such as ecological momentary sampling of personality manifestations in real-life; dynamic modeling of time-series or longitudinal personality data; network modeling and simulation; and systems-theoretical models of dynamic processes. - Ties topics and methods together for a more dynamic understanding of personality - Summarizes existing knowledge and insights of personality dynamics and processes - Covers a broad compilation of cutting-edge insights - Addresses the biophysiological and social mechanisms underlying the expression and effects of personality - Examines within-person consistency and variability |
| domains of personality psychology: The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model Thomas A. Widiger, 2017-03-27 The Five Factor Model, which measures individual differences on extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience, is arguably the most prominent dimensional model of general personality structure. In fact, there is now a considerable body of research supporting its construct validity and practical application in clinical, health, and organizational settings. Taking this research to the forefront, The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model showcases the work of expert researchers in the field as they each offer important insight and perspective on all that is known about the Five Factor Model to date. By establishing the origins, foundation, and predominance of the Five Factor Model, this Handbook will focus on such areas as construct validity, diagnosis and assessment, personality neuroscience, and how the Five Factor Model operates in business and industry, animal personality, childhood temperament, and clinical utility. |
| domains of personality psychology: Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology Richard W. Robins, R. Chris Fraley, Robert F. Krueger, 2009-12-09 Bringing together leading investigators, this comprehensive handbook is a one-stop reference for anyone planning or conducting research on personality. It provides up-to-date analyses of the rich array of methodological tools available today, giving particular attention to real-world theoretical and logistical challenges and how to overcome them. In chapters filled with detailed, practical examples, readers are shown step by step how to formulate a suitable research design, select and use high-quality measures, and manage the complexities of data analysis and interpretation. Coverage ranges from classic methods like self-report inventories and observational procedures to such recent innovations as neuroimaging and genetic analyses. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Marianne Miserandino, Stephen Porter, 2015-01-02 Personality Psychology: Foundations and Findings is an evidence-based text with integrated cultural references and excellent coverage of the key building blocks of the subject matter--namely, the foundations(traits, genetics, self and identity, neuroscience, intrapsychic aspects, regulations and motivation, and cognition as it applies to the human personality) and the findings (the cutting edge research in each of these areas in which personality psychologists are actively engaged every day). |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality in Adulthood Paul T. Costa, Jr., Robert R. McCrae, 2013-10-18 Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this influential work argues for the enduring stability of personality across adult development. It also offers a highly accessible introduction to the five-factor model of personality. Critically reviewing different theories of personality and adult development, the authors explain the logic behind the scientific assessment of personality, present a comprehensive model of trait structure, and examine patterns of trait stability and change after age 30, incorporating data from ongoing cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The second edition has been updated throughout with the authors' new findings, ideas, and interpretations, and includes a new chapter on cross-cultural research. It culminates in an additional new chapter that presents a comprehensive theory of personality grounded in the five-factor model. |
| domains of personality psychology: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, 2016-10-17 An updated and expanded new edition of a widely-used guide to the theory and practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy, Cabaniss’ Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Clinical Manual, 2nd Edition provides material for readers to apply immediately in their treatment of patients. |
| domains of personality psychology: A Configuration Approach to Mindset Agency Theory Maurice Yolles, Gerhard Fink, 2021-07-29 This book presents a new agency paradigm that can resolve complex socio-political situations in cross-cultural environments. |
| domains of personality psychology: The H Factor of Personality Kibeom Lee, Michael C. Ashton, 2013-05-21 The “H” in the H factor stands for “Honesty-Humility,” one of the six basic dimensions of the human personality. People who have high levels of H are sincere and modest; people who have low levels are deceitful and pretentious. It isn’t intuitively obvious that traits of honesty and humility go hand in hand, and until very recently the H factor hadn’t been recognized as a basic dimension of personality. But scientific evidence shows that traits of honesty and humility form a unified group of personality traits, separate from those of the other five groups identified several decades ago. This book, written by the discoverers of the H factor, explores the scientific findings that show the importance of this personality dimension in various aspects of people’s lives: their approaches to money, power, and sex; their inclination to commit crimes or obey the law; their attitudes about society, politics, and religion; and their choice of friends and spouse. Finally, the book provides ways of identifying people who are low in the H factor, as well as advice on how to raise one’s own level of H. |
| domains of personality psychology: The Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Cultures Robert R. McCrae, Juri Allik, 2012-12-06 The Five-Factor Model Across Cultures was designed to further an understanding of the interrelations between personality and culture by examining the dominant paradigm for personality assessment - the Five-Factor Model or FFM - in a wide variety of cultural contexts. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary research and theory about personality traits and culture that is extremely relevant to personality psychologists, cross-cultural psychologists, and psychological anthropologists. |
| domains of personality psychology: Fundamentals of Social Psychology Nicky Hayes, 2017-09-07 This textbook brings social psychology up to date, including material on social networking, gaming and other aspects of modern living, as well as covering established theories, debates and research. The book explores a number of fascinating topics, including: Both traditional and contemporary theories of social influence. How our personal psychology is shaped by our interactions with other people. How social psychological insights have been applied in various aspects of modern life. Intended as a core social psychology text, and including features such as boxed talking-points, real-world examples and case studies, and self-test questions, the book and associated website will cover all the essential topics of an undergraduate course in social psychology in a concise, fresh and up-to-date way. A comprehensive and contemporary undergraduate introduction to social psychology, it draws together and integrates insights from different areas of research and schools of thought, and features uniquely strong coverage of the online world and our cyberselves. Written particularly for degree students of psychology, it will be useful to anyone looking for a comprehensive and readable account of social psychological research and theories. |
| domains of personality psychology: Psychology of Women and Gender Miriam Liss, Kate Richmond, Mindy J. Erchull, 2023-11-13 Ground-breaking, inclusive, and modern for a new generation of students |
| domains of personality psychology: The Five-factor Model of Personality Jerry S. Wiggins, 1996-03-15 The volume opens with a historical overview of more than 60 years of research on the classification of personality traits. Subsequent chapters focus on theoretical questions that have guided the construction of the model, weigh the value and applicability of each of the five dimensions, and use the five-factor model as a point of departure for discussing broader issues concerning the development and dynamics of personality |
| domains of personality psychology: Gender, Nature, and Nurture Richard A. Lippa, 2005-05-06 This engaging text presents the latest scientific findings on gender differences, similarities, and variations--in sexuality, cognitive abilities, occupational preferences, personality, and social behaviors. The impact of nature and nurture on gender is examined from the perspectives of genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary theory, neuroanatomy, sociology, and psychology. The result is a balanced, fair-minded synthesis of diverse points of view. Dr. Lippa's text sympathetically summarizes each side of the nature-nurture debate, and in a witty imagined conversation between a personified nature and nurture, he identifies weaknesses in the arguments offered by both sides. His review defines gender, summarizes research on gender differences, examines the nature of masculinity and femininity, describes theories of gender, and presents a cascade model, which argues that nature and nurture weave together to form the complex tapestry known as gender. Gender, Nature, and Nurture, Second Edition features: *new research on sex differences in personality, moral thought, coping styles, sexual and antisocial behavior, and psychological adjustment; *the results of a new meta-analysis of sex differences in real-life measures of aggression; *new sections on non-hormonal direct genetic effects on sexual differentiation; hormones and maternal behavior; and on gender, work, and pay; and *expanded accounts of sex differences in children's play and activity levels; social learning theories of gender, and social constructionist views of gender. This lively primer is an ideal book for courses on gender studies, the psychology of women, or of men, and gender roles. Its wealth of updated information will stimulate the professional reader, and its accessible style will captivate the student and general reader. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Psychology Jim McMartin, 2016-01-29 Personality Psychology: A Student-Centered Approach by Jim McMartin organizes the field of personality psychology around basic questions relevant to the reader’s past, present, and future selves. Answers to the questions are based on findings from up-to-date research and shed light on the validity of personality theories to help students deepen their understanding of their own personalities. Concise, conversational, and easy-to-understand, the Second Edition is enhanced with new chapters, new research that reflects the latest scholarship, and new photos and illustrations throughout. |
| domains of personality psychology: Fundamentals of Game Design Ernest Adams, 2010-04-07 To create a great video game, you must start with a solid game design: A well-designed game is easier to build, more entertaining, and has a better chance of succeeding in the marketplace. Here to teach you the essential skills of player-centric game design is one of the industry’s leading authorities, who offers a first-hand look into the process, from initial concept to final tuning. Now in its second edition, this updated classic reference by Ernest Adams offers a complete and practical approach to game design, and includes material on concept development, gameplay design, core mechanics, user interfaces, storytelling, and balancing. In an easy-to-follow approach, Adams analyzes the specific design challenges of all the major game genres and shows you how to apply the principles of game design to each one. You’ll learn how to: Define the challenges and actions at the heart of the gameplay. Write a high-concept document, a treatment, and a full design script. Understand the essentials of user interface design and how to define a game’s look and feel. Design for a variety of input mechanisms, including the Wii controller and multi-touch iPhone. Construct a game’s core mechanics and flow of resources (money, points, ammunition, and more). Develop appealing stories, game characters, and worlds that players will want to visit, including persistent worlds. Work on design problems with engaging end-of-chapter exercises, design worksheets, and case studies. Make your game accessible to broader audiences such as children, adult women, people with disabilities, and casual players. “Ernest Adams provides encyclopedic coverage of process and design issues for every aspect of game design, expressed as practical lessons that can be immediately applied to a design in-progress. He offers the best framework I’ve seen for thinking about the relationships between core mechanics, gameplay, and player—one that I’ve found useful for both teaching and research.” — Michael Mateas, University of California at Santa Cruz, co-creator of Façade |
| domains of personality psychology: Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services Marko Tkalčič, Berardina De Carolis, Marco de Gemmis, Ante Odić, Andrej Košir, 2016-07-13 Personalization is ubiquitous from search engines to online-shopping websites helping us find content more efficiently and this book focuses on the key developments that are shaping our daily online experiences. With advances in the detection of end users’ emotions, personality, sentiment and social signals, researchers and practitioners now have the tools to build a new generation of personalized systems that will really understand the user’s state and deliver the right content. With leading experts from a vast array of domains from user modeling, mobile sensing and information retrieval to artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction (HCI) social computing and psychology, a broad spectrum of topics are covered. From discussing psychological theoretical models and exploring state-of-the-art methods for acquiring emotions and personality in an unobtrusive way, as well as describing how these concepts can be used to improve various aspects of the personalization process and chapters that discuss evaluation and privacy issues. Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems will help aid researchers and practitioners develop and evaluate user-centric personalization systems that take into account the factors that have a tremendous impact on our decision-making – emotions and personality. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Traits Gerald Matthews, Ian J. Deary, Martha C. Whiteman, 2009-10-29 Now in its third edition, this dynamic textbook analyses the traits fundamental to human personality: what they are, why they matter, their biological and social foundations, how they play out in human life and their consequences for cognition, stress and physical and mental health. The text also considers the applications of personality assessment in clinical, educational and occupational settings, providing the reader with a detailed understanding of the whole field of personality traits. This edition, now with improved student features, includes the latest research from behavioural genetics, neuroscience, social psychology and cognitive science, assesses the impact of new research techniques like brain imagery, and provides additional content on positive aspects of traits and practical uses of personality assessment. This is an essential textbook for students taking courses in personality and individual differences and also provides researchers and practitioners with a coherent, up-to-date survey of this significant area. |
| domains of personality psychology: Domain Specificity of Creativity John Baer, 2015-11-06 Recent research findings have challenged the idea that creativity is domain-general. Domain Specificity of Creativity brings together the research information on domain specificity in creativity -- both the research that supports it and answers to research arguments that might seem to challenge it. The implications for domain specificity affect how we move forward with theories of creativity, testing for creativity, and teaching for creativity. The book outlines what these changes are and how creativity research and applications of that research will change in light of these new findings. - Summarizes research regarding domain specificity in creativity - Outlines implications of these findings for creativity theory, testing, and teaching - Identifies unanswered questions and new research opportunities |
| domains of personality psychology: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, 2013 Helps students understand how culture impacts development in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Grounded in a global cultural perspective (within and outside of the US), this text enriches the discussion with historical context and an interdisciplinary approach, including studies from fields such as anthropology and sociology, in addition to the compelling psychological research on adolescent development. This book also takes into account the period of emerging adulthood (ages 18-25), a term coined by the author, and an area of study for which Arnett is a leading expert. Arnett continues the fifth edition with new and updated studies, both U.S. and international. With Pearson's MyDevelopmentLab Video Series and Powerpoints embedded with video, students can experience a true cross-cultural experience. A better teaching and learning experience This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-- for you and your students. Here's how: Personalize Learning - The new MyDevelopmentLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking - Students learn to think critically about the influence of culture on development with pedagogical features such as Culture Focus boxes and Historical Focus boxes. Engage Students - Arnett engages students with cross cultural research and examples throughout. MyVirtualTeen, an interactive simulation, allows students to apply the concepts they are learning to their own virtual teen. Explore Research - Research Focus provides students with a firm grasp of various research methods and helps them see the impact that methods can have on research findings. Support Instructors - This program provides instructors with unbeatable resources, including video embedded PowerPoints and the new MyDevelopmentLab that includes cross-cultural videos and MyVirtualTeen, an interactive simulation that allows you to raise a child from birth to age 18. An easy to use Instructor's Manual, a robust test bank, and an online test generator (MyTest) are also available. All of these materials may be packaged with the text upon request. Note: MyDevelopmentLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyDevelopmentLab, please visit: www.mydevelopmentlab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MyDevelopmentlab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205911854/ ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205911851. Click here for a short walkthrough video on MyVirtualTeen! http://www.youtube.com/playlist'list=PL51B144F17A36FF25&feature=plcp |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Development Across the Lifespan Jule Specht, 2017-03-17 Personality Development across the Lifespan examines the development of personality characteristics from childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood, and old age. It provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical perspectives, methods, and empirical findings of personality and developmental psychology, also detailing insights on how individuals differ from each other, how they change during life, and how these changes relate to biological and environmental factors, including major life events, social relationships, and health. The book begins with chapters on personality development in different life phases before moving on to theoretical perspectives, the development of specific personality characteristics, and personality development in relation to different contexts, like close others, health, and culture. Final sections cover methods in research on the topic and the future directions of research in personality development. - Introduces and reviews the most important personality characteristics - Examines personality in relation to different contexts and how it is related to important life outcomes - Discusses patterns and sources of personality development |
| domains of personality psychology: Character Strengths and Virtues Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, 2004-04-08 Character has become a front-and-center topic in contemporary discourse, but this term does not have a fixed meaning. Character may be simply defined by what someone does not do, but a more active and thorough definition is necessary, one that addresses certain vital questions. Is character a singular characteristic of an individual, or is it composed of different aspects? Does character--however we define it--exist in degrees, or is it simply something one happens to have? How can character be developed? Can it be learned? Relatedly, can it be taught, and who might be the most effective teacher? What roles are played by family, schools, the media, religion, and the larger culture? This groundbreaking handbook of character strengths and virtues is the first progress report from a prestigious group of researchers who have undertaken the systematic classification and measurement of widely valued positive traits. They approach good character in terms of separate strengths-authenticity, persistence, kindness, gratitude, hope, humor, and so on-each of which exists in degrees. Character Strengths and Virtues classifies twenty-four specific strengths under six broad virtues that consistently emerge across history and culture: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. Each strength is thoroughly examined in its own chapter, with special attention to its meaning, explanation, measurement, causes, correlates, consequences, and development across the life span, as well as to strategies for its deliberate cultivation. This book demands the attention of anyone interested in psychology and what it can teach about the good life. |
| domains of personality psychology: The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment Gregory J Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H Saklofske, 2008-06-24 A definitive, authoritative and up-to-date resource for anyone interested in the theories, models and assessment methods used for understanding the many factes of Human personality and individual differences This brand new Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment 2-Volume Set constitutes an essential resource for shaping the future of the scientific foundation of personality research, measurement, and practice. There is need for an up-to-date and international Handbook that reviews the major contemporary personality models Vol. 1 and associated psychometric measurement instruments Vol. 2 that underpin the scientific study of this important area of individual differences psychology, and in these two Handbooks this is very much achieved. Made unique by its depth and breadth the Handbooks are internationally edited and authored by Professors Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, and Donald H. Saklofske and authored by internationally known academics, this work will be an important reference work for a host of researchers and practitioners in the fields of individual differences and personality assessment, clinical psychology, educational psychology, work and organizational psychology, health psychology and other applied fields as well. Volume 2: Personality Measurement and Assessment. Covers psychometric measurement of personality and has coverage of the following broad topics, listed by section heading: General Methodological Issues Multidimensional Personality Instruments Assessment of Biologically-Based Traits Assessment of Self-Regulative Traits Implicit, Projective And Objective Measures Of Personality Abnormal Personality Trait Instruments Applications of Psychological Testing |
| domains of personality psychology: Who Are You, Really? Brian R. Little, 2017-08-15 This fun, smart read for anyone eager to better understand (and improve) themselves argues that personality is driven not by nature nor nurture—but instead by the projects we pursue, which ultimately shape the people we become. Traditionally, scientists have emphasized what they call the first and second natures of personality—genes and culture, respectively. But today the field of personality science has moved well beyond the nature vs. nurture debate. In Who Are You, Really? Dr. Brian Little presents a distinctive view of how personality shapes our lives—and why this matters. Little makes the case for a third nature to the human condition—the pursuit of personal projects, idealistic dreams, and creative ventures that shape both people’s lives and their personalities. Little uncovers what personality science has been discovering about the role of personal projects, revealing how this new concept can help people better understand themselves and shape their lives. In this important work, Little argues that it is essential to devote energy and resources to creative endeavors in a highly focused fashion, even if it takes away from other components of our well-being. This does not mean that we cannot shift from one core project to another in the days of our lives. In fact, it is precisely that ability to flexibly craft projects that is the greatest source of sustainability. Like learning to walk, forcing ourselves out of balance as we step is the only way in which we can move forward. And it is the only way that human flourishing can be enhanced. The well-lived life is based on the sustainable pursuit of core projects in our lives. Ultimately, Who Are You, Really? provides a deeply personal itinerary for exploring our personalities, our lives, and the human condition. |
| domains of personality psychology: Personality Lawrence A. Pervin, 2019-02 |
| domains of personality psychology: Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Biological and Psychosocial Effects of Peer Victimization: Lessons for Bullying Prevention, 2016-09-14 Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have asked for this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences. |
