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Colonial Healthcare Insurance: Navigating the Complexities of Historical Medical Coverage
Introduction:
Stepping back in time to explore the world of "Colonial Healthcare Insurance" might seem like a journey into the obscure. However, understanding the rudimentary forms of medical coverage and risk mitigation employed during the colonial era offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of healthcare systems. This comprehensive guide delves into the realities of colonial healthcare, examining the stark differences from modern insurance, the challenges faced, and the lasting impacts on current healthcare structures. We'll explore the various forms of financial protection available (or unavailable), the social and economic factors influencing access to care, and the crucial role of community and social networks in supplementing the lack of formal insurance. Prepare to unravel the complexities and uncover the surprisingly relevant lessons from the past.
1. The Absence of Formal "Insurance" as We Know It:
Unlike today's sophisticated insurance models, formal healthcare insurance as a commercial entity was virtually nonexistent in most colonial settings. The concept of pooling risk and providing comprehensive coverage through premiums was yet to fully develop. Instead, individuals relied on a patchwork of informal arrangements and coping mechanisms. This section explores the reasons behind this absence, including the underdeveloped financial markets, lack of sophisticated actuarial science, and the prevalent attitude towards illness and mortality. We will examine the impact of this lack of formal coverage on various segments of colonial society.
2. Mutual Aid Societies and Community Support:
In the absence of formal insurance, communities and social networks played a vital role in mitigating the financial burdens of illness. Mutual aid societies, formed by guilds, religious groups, or ethnic communities, provided a form of collective risk-sharing. Members contributed regularly, and in times of illness or injury, they received financial assistance, care, or both. This section will examine the structures, functions, and limitations of these societies, highlighting their importance in providing a safety net.
3. The Role of Charity and Religious Orders:
Religious institutions, often the primary providers of education and healthcare, frequently offered charity care to the indigent. Hospitals and infirmaries run by religious orders provided basic medical services, often relying on donations and philanthropic efforts. This section explores the contributions of religious organizations to healthcare provision, examining the limitations of their capacity and the biases inherent in their charitable work.
4. The Impact of Colonial Policies on Healthcare Access:
Colonial administrations played a significant role (or lack thereof) in shaping access to healthcare. Policies regarding public health, sanitation, and the provision of medical services varied widely depending on the specific colony and its governing power. Some colonies invested in rudimentary public health infrastructure, while others prioritized economic exploitation over social welfare. This section analyzes the direct and indirect consequences of colonial policies on the health and well-being of colonial populations.
5. The Economic Realities of Healthcare in the Colonial Era:
Healthcare in colonial times was expensive, relative to the average person's income. Medical practitioners, often poorly trained, charged significant fees. Medicines were costly, and access to even basic care was often dependent on social standing and wealth. This section examines the economic barriers to healthcare access, emphasizing the inequalities in access experienced by different social groups – indentured servants, enslaved people, and free inhabitants.
6. The Evolution of Medical Practices and Knowledge:
The medical landscape of the colonial era was vastly different from modern medicine. Practices ranged from traditional indigenous healing methods to increasingly European-influenced approaches, often blending superstition, folk remedies, and burgeoning scientific understanding. This section will explore the evolution of medical knowledge and practice during the colonial period, highlighting both advancements and the persistence of harmful practices.
7. Case Studies: Specific Examples of Colonial Healthcare Practices:
This section provides detailed examples of healthcare experiences in specific colonial contexts. These case studies will illuminate the unique challenges and adaptations employed in different regions and cultures. It will showcase the diverse ways in which communities coped with illness and the variations in access to care based on location, social class, and ethnicity.
8. The Lasting Legacy of Colonial Healthcare Systems:
The colonial period left a profound and lasting impact on subsequent healthcare systems. This section examines the enduring consequences of the inequalities and injustices embedded in colonial healthcare approaches, influencing healthcare disparities that persist to this day.
9. Conclusion: Lessons Learned from the Past:
This concluding section synthesizes the key findings of the article, emphasizing the importance of studying colonial healthcare systems to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of healthcare and the persistent challenges in ensuring equitable access to quality care. It highlights the relevance of historical context in informing contemporary healthcare policy and practice.
Article Outline: Colonial Healthcare Insurance
I. Introduction: Defining the scope and objectives of the article.
II. Main Chapters:
Chapter 1: The Absence of Formal Insurance.
Chapter 2: Mutual Aid Societies and Community Support.
Chapter 3: The Role of Charity and Religious Orders.
Chapter 4: Impact of Colonial Policies.
Chapter 5: Economic Realities of Healthcare.
Chapter 6: Evolution of Medical Practices.
Chapter 7: Case Studies (e.g., British North America, Spanish Colonies).
Chapter 8: Lasting Legacy of Colonial Healthcare.
III. Conclusion: Summary of key findings and implications.
(Detailed content for each chapter would follow, expanding on the points outlined above.)
FAQs:
1. Did colonial America have health insurance? No, not in the modern sense. Informal mutual aid societies and charitable organizations played a larger role.
2. What were the common illnesses during the colonial period? Common illnesses included infectious diseases like smallpox, cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
3. How did people pay for medical care in colonial times? Payment varied widely, often involving bartering, cash payments (if available), or relying on charity.
4. What role did women play in colonial healthcare? Women, often with limited formal training, played significant roles as midwives, herbalists, and caregivers within their families and communities.
5. Were there any attempts at public health initiatives during the colonial period? Yes, some colonial governments implemented rudimentary public health measures, such as quarantine efforts during outbreaks.
6. How did the lack of insurance affect different social groups? The lack of formal insurance disproportionately impacted the poor and marginalized, creating significant health inequalities.
7. What types of medical treatments were common in colonial times? Treatments ranged from bloodletting and purging to herbal remedies and rudimentary surgical procedures.
8. How did colonial healthcare practices influence modern systems? Colonial practices, both effective and ineffective, have shaped the evolution of healthcare, impacting everything from public health infrastructure to medical ethics.
9. Where can I find more information about colonial healthcare? You can find more information through historical archives, medical history journals, and books focusing on the history of specific colonies.
Related Articles:
1. The Evolution of Public Health in Colonial America: Explores the development of public health initiatives and their impact on colonial populations.
2. Medical Practices in 18th-Century Colonial Virginia: A case study examining the specific healthcare practices and challenges of a particular colonial region.
3. The Role of Women in Colonial Healthcare: Details the contributions of women to healthcare, both formally and informally.
4. Indigenous Healing Traditions and Colonial Medicine: Explores the interaction and conflict between indigenous healing practices and introduced European medical systems.
5. The Economic Impact of Disease in Colonial Societies: Analyzes the economic consequences of disease outbreaks on colonial economies and populations.
6. Healthcare Inequalities in Colonial Brazil: Focuses on the healthcare disparities in a specific colonial context.
7. Colonial Healthcare and the Development of Hospitals: Examines the rise of hospitals and their role in colonial healthcare systems.
8. The Ethics of Colonial Medical Practices: Critically evaluates the ethical implications of colonial medical interventions and practices.
9. Comparing Colonial Healthcare Systems Across Different Empires: Compares the approaches to healthcare employed by various colonial powers.
| colonial healthcare insurance: Health Insurance Reforms in Asia Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk, 2014-03-26 This book empirically examines health care financing reforms and popular responses in three major cities in East Asia: Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. It adopts a new revised version of the theory of historical institutionalism to compare and explain the divergent reform paths in these three places over the past three decades. It also examines forces that propel institutional change. The book provides three detailed case studies on the development of health care financing reforms and the politics of implementing them. It shows that health care systems in Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong were the products of Western presence in the nineteenth century. It illustrates how greater attention is paid to the roles played by ideas, actors, and environmental triggers without abandoning the core assumptions that political institutions and policy feedback remain central to impact health care financing reforms. It shows that health care financing reform is shaped by a complex interplay of forces over time. It also provides the most updated material about health care financing reforms in Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The central argument of this book is that health care financing reform is both an evolving process responding to changing circumstances and a political process revealing an intricate interplay of power relationships and diverse interests. It shows that institutional changes in health care financing system can be incremental but transformative in nature. It argues that social policies will continue to develop and welfare states will continue to adapt and evolve in order to cope with new risks and needs. This book sheds new lights on understanding the politics of health care financing reform and sources and modes of institutional change. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Dun's Guide to Healthcare Companies , 1991 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Balancing Public and Private Health Care Systems Randolph Quaye, 2010-02-15 Balancing Public and Private Health Care Systems appears at a timely moment, given widespread current discussion about equity in healthy care and the role of the state in healthcare planning. In response to the World Bank recommendation that the principle of cost recovery be included in healthcare financing strategies, African countries embraced the principle of public-private partnerships in healthcare. It was argued then, and still now, that a way out of their health conundrum is for governments to play a smaller role in healthcare. The present book explores the different financing arrangements in Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda. It introduces new scholarship on post-colonial healthcare strategies in Africa, especially during a decade of market-oriented healthcare reform. Drawing upon current research and case studies, as well as recent work by the author himself on African healthcare systems, this book sets out to analyze the implications of the various strategies for the future of healthcare financing in Africa. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: AARP Christine L. Day, 2017-10-19 This examination of the history, development, activities, successes, and limitations of the largest membership organization in the country will be of interest to anyone who belongs to or is curious about this sometimes-controversial group. AARP is one of Washington's most influential interest groups, but just who does it represent? To some, it represents the narrow special interests of older Americans who already consume more than their share of government benefits. To others, its advocacy encompasses everyone, including those with elderly parents and grandparents—and those who will comprise the older generations of the future. The most comprehensive volume ever written about AARP, the book begins with a chapter on the organization's history, going back to its founding in 1958 and its roots in the National Retired Teachers Association, established in 1947. Readers will learn about AARP's membership and chapter activities, including how it grew to be the largest membership organization in the country. Perhaps even more engrossing is the book's investigation of the nature and extent of AARP's political influence and its positions and priorities as it struggles to represent a large and diverse constituency. Finally, the study discusses AARP's organizational model, which combines political advocacy, business, and charity, and probes the controversies arising from what AARP's critics charge are conflicts of interest. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Who Owns Whom , 2008 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Health and Development Iris Borowy, Bernard Harris, 2023-01-30 Health and development require one another: there can be no development without a critical mass of people who are sufficiently healthy to do whatever it takes for development to occur, and people cannot be healthy without societal developments that enable standards of health to be maintained or improved. However, the ways in which health and development interact are complex and contested. This volume unites eleven case studies from nine countries in three continents and two international organizations since the late-nineteenth century. Collectively, they show how different actors have struggled to reconcile the sometimes contradictory nature of health and development policies, and the subordination of these policies to a range of political objectives. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: International Directory of Company Histories Jay P. Pederson, Thomas Derdak, 1988 This library owns 80 volumes of this compendium of company histories (usually 2-3 pages each). See the index in volume 80 for all companies covered. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Finance of Health Care Murray Sabrin, 2022-11-07 Employers Can Reduce Their Employees’ Health Care Costs by Thinking Out of The Box Employee health care costs have skyrocketed, especially for small business owners. But employers have options that medical entrepreneurs have crafted to provide all businesses with plans to improve their employees’ wellness and reduce their costs. Thus, the cost of employee health care benefits can be reduced markedly by choosing one of numerous alternatives to traditional indemnity policies. The Finance of Health Care provides business decision makers with the information they need to match the optimal health care plan with the culture of their workforce. This book is a must guide for corporate executives and entrepreneurs who want to attract—and keep--the best employees in our competitive economy. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Directory of Corporate Counsel, 2024 Edition , |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Plunkett's Health Care Industry Almanac , 2001 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Healthcare Policy in Africa Jean-Germain Gros, 2015-10-16 A comparative study of healthcare policy in Africa, the book explores the impact of historical institutions, multilateral organizations, and informal norms, such as, respectively, colonialism, the World Health Organization, and the Western-inspired biomedical approach to disease on health policy choices, implementation, and results in Africa. In addition, it examines the role of international philanthropy, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Partners In Health, Doctors Without Borders, and the multitude of NGOs that pullulate the African healthcare landscape. The emphasis on these (f)actors, not to mention Cuban medical aid, clearly underscores the “globalization” of healthcare policy in Africa. The case studies of Botswana, Ghana, and Rwanda —three differently endowed countries economically that are also at varying stages of democratic rule— help to shed light on the influence of domestic political institutions and elite agency on healthcare policy processes across the continent. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Ageing, Long-term Care Insurance and Healthcare Finance in Asia Sabrina Ching Yuen Luk, 2020-01-06 This book uses a revised version of Kingdon’s multiple-streams framework to examine health financing reforms in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as long-term care insurance (LTCI) reforms in Japan and Singapore. It shows that the explanatory power of the multiple-streams framework can be strengthened through enriching the concepts of policy entrepreneurs, ideas, and windows of opportunity in the original framework as well as bringing the theoretical lens of historical institutionalism into the framework. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: American Healthcare Peter Hilsenrath, PhD, 2022-05-24 Selected by the Association of University Programs in Health Administration for the Bugbee-Falk Book Award Is the health sector a curse or a blessing? The American health sector now accounts for a fifth of the economy. American healthcare spending per capita far exceeds that of other developed countries. Yet our health, as measured by life expectancy and infant mortality, is poor by comparison with the developed world. Other measures of quality including hospital-acquired infection are too common. Healthcare costs financially cripple households despite advances associated with the Affordable Care Act. There is widespread dissatisfaction with the American healthcare system and support for more change. It is also the case that the health sector has been a leader in the evolution of the American economy. Economic development is driven by innovative technology. We tend to applaud new technology and the improvement it brings to our lives. Important recent technologies often grow rapidly and faster than the wider economy. This leads to larger shares of the economy. Yet there is considerable apprehension about costs and economic impact of health spending. This book details important health sector institutions and uniquely, explores linkages between healthcare and broader economic growth. The book addresses asymmetric information between providers and consumers as well as between insurers and beneficiaries. There is a focus on monopoly power in labor markets which contributes to inefficiencies in the system. The author also discusses cost-effectiveness and allocative efficiency as well as emphasizing productivity and its relationship to the wider economy. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Maria-Luisa Escobar, Charles C. Griffin, R. Paul Shaw, 2011-01-01 Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Colombia embarked in 1993 on a fifteen-year effort to cover its entire population with insurance, in combination with greater freedom to choose among providers. A decade later Mexico followed suit with a program tailored to its federal system. Several African nations have introduced new programs in the past decade, and many are testing options for reform. For the past twenty years, Eastern Europe has been shifting from government-run care to insurance-based competitive systems, and both China and India have experimental programs to expand coverage. These nations are betting that insurance-based health care financing can increase the accessibility of services, increase providers' productivity, and change the population's health care use patterns, mirroring the development of health systems in most OECD countries. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance–based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populations—and if so, how to do it—or to serve them through other means. Using recent household data, this book presents evidence of the impact of insurance programs in China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ghana, Indonesia, Namibia, and Peru. The contributors also discuss potential design improvements that could increase impact. They provide innovative insights on improving the evaluation of health insurance reforms and on building a robust knowledge base to guide policy as other countries tackle the health insurance challenge. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Dun's Healthcare Reference Book , 1996 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: International Directory of Company Histories Tina Grant, 1997-12 This library owns 80 volumes of this compendium of company histories (usually 2-3 pages each). See the index in volume 80 for all companies covered. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Affordable Excellence William A. Haseltine, 2013 Today Singapore ranks sixth in the world in healthcare outcomes well ahead of many developed countries, including the United States. The results are all the more significant as Singapore spends less on healthcare than any other high-income country, both as measured by fraction of the Gross Domestic Product spent on health and by costs per person. Singapore achieves these results at less than one-fourth the cost of healthcare in the United States and about half that of Western European countries. Government leaders, presidents and prime ministers, finance ministers and ministers of health, policymakers in congress and parliament, public health officials responsible for healthcare systems planning, finance and operations, as well as those working on healthcare issues in universities and think-tanks should know how this system works to achieve affordable excellence.--Publisher's website. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: International Directory of Company Histories , 1988 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Brazil Healthcare Sector Organization, Management and Payment Systems Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations IBP, Inc, 2013-08 Brazil Healthcare Sector Organization, Management and Payment Systems Handbook - Strategic Information, Programs and Regulations |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Africa's Geography Benjamin Ofori-Amoah, 2019-04-30 Africa's Geography presents a comprehensive exploration of the world’s second largest and most culturally diverse continent. Author Benjamin Ofori-Amoah challenges common misconceptions and misrepresentations of Africa from a geographical perspective, harnessing the power of modern geographic mapping technology to explore this unique continent. This text provides thorough coverage of the historical, cultural, economic, and political forces that continue to shape Africa, applying geographic context to relevant past and contemporary issues. Coverage of economic development, climate and biogeography, transportation and communication, manufacturing and commerce, and mining and agriculture provides foundational knowledge of this vast and complex continent. Ideally suited for multiple areas of classroom study, this text offers an effective and flexible pedagogical framework. Coverage of the entirety of Africa enables students to develop a cohesive portrait of the continent as a whole and identify the dynamism of its nations, cultures, and economies. Engaging and accessible narrative strengthens comprehension, while examples of historical and contemporary events increase student interest. Innovative and unique, Africa’s Geography is an essential resource for cross-disciplinary investigation of this fascinating part of the world. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Communication Skills for the Health Care Professional: Concepts, Practice, and Evidence Gwen Van Servellen, 2009-10-07 The first text of its kind to address the connection between communication practices and quality patient care outcomes provides future and practicing patient caregivers basic communication knowledge and skills. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: America's Corporate Finance Directory , 1999 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Financing Universal Access To Healthcare: A Comparative Review Of Landmark Legislative Health Reforms In The Oecd Alexander S Preker, 2018-03-20 The recent expansion of health insurance coverage in the USA under the Affordable Health Care Act, and current threats to reverse the benefits of this reform, have once again focused the world's attention on the difficult challenges faced by other countries trying to provide better access to healthcare to their population at an affordable cost. This textbook provides a comparative review of financing universal access to healthcare in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.The first two chapters of the book provide a framework for financing universal access to healthcare. The remaining eight chapters present case studies of eight OECD countries that have successfully introduced reforms to finance universal access to healthcare for their population through landmark legislative reforms. A concluding chapter focuses on the lessons learned from the OECD and recommendations from policymakers and others who are planning similar reforms. The book is designed as a learning tool for students and as a user guide for policymakers. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Community & Public Health Nursing: Promoting the Public's Health Judith Allender, Cherie Rector, Cherie Rector, PhD Rn-C, Kristine Warner, Kristine Warner, PhD MS MPH RN, 2013-04-26 Community & Public Health Nursing is designed to provide students a basic grounding in public health nursing principles while emphasizing aggregate-level nursing. While weaving in meaningful examples from practice throughout the text, the authors coach students on how to navigate between conceptualizing about a population-focus while also continuing to advocate and care for individuals, families, and aggregates. This student-friendly, highly illustrated text engages students, and by doing so, eases students into readily applying public health principles along with evidence-based practice, nursing science, and skills that promote health, prevent disease, as well as protect at-risk populations! What the 8th edition of this text does best is assist students in broadening the base of their knowledge and skills that they can employ in both the community and acute care settings, while the newly enhanced ancillary resources offers interactive tools that allow students of all learning styles to master public health nursing. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Health Care Reform United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, 1994 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Plunkett's Health Care Industry Almanac 1999-00 Jack W. Plunkett, 1999 Gives complete access to data on national health care statistics, Medicare and Medicaid, research and technology, HMOs and hospital utilization, careers and job opportunities, and forecasts and trends. Also contains one page profiles on each of the leading Health Care 500 companies (pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, hospitals, insurance/HMOs, care providers, diagnostics, and instruments) that provide ranks and ratings, types of business, contact names, E-mail, phone, fax and website, salaries/benefits, competitive advantage, and growth plans/special features. Includes a CD-ROM version. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Federal Register , 1993 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Introduction to Health Care Delivery Robert L. McCarthy, Kenneth W. Schafermeyer, Kimberly S. Plake, 2012 Introduction to Health Care Delivery:A Primer for Pharmacists, Fifth Edition provides students with a current and comprehensive overview of the U.S. health care delivery system from the perspective of the pharmacy profession. Each thoroughly updated chapter of this best-selling text includes real-world case studies, learning objectives, chapter review questions, questions for further discussion, and updated key topics and terms. New and expanded topics include public health, pharmacoepidemiology, cultural competence, and leadership. Patient-Provider dialogues are also included to help students apply key concepts. Instructor Resources include a Transition Guide, PowerPoint Presentations, and an Instructor's Manual.Key Features* Case Scenario per Chapter* Learning Objectives* Chapter Review Questions* Doctor/Patient Scripts* Questions for Further Discussion* ReferencesEach new textbook includes an online code to access the Student Resources available on the Companion Website. Online access may also be purchased separately.*Please note: Electronic/eBook formats do not include access to the Companion Website. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: McCarthy's Introduction to Health Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists Kenneth W. Schafermeyer, Robert L. McCarthy, 2016-09 Introduction to Health Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists, Sixth Edition provides students with a current and comprehensive overview of the U.S. health care delivery system from the perspective of the pharmacy profession. Each thoroughly updated chapter of this best-selling text includes real-world case studies, learning objectives, chapter review questions, questions for further discussion, and updated key topics and terms. Patient-Provider dialogues are also included to help students apply key concepts. Introduction to Health Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists, Sixth Edition will provide students with an understanding of the social, organizational, and economic aspects of health care delivery. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Traditional and Modern Health Systems in Nigeria Toyin Falola, Matthew M. Heaton, 2006 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Pharmaceutical Policy in Countries with Developing Healthcare Systems Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, 2017-03-27 A comprehensive and granular insight into the challenges of promoting rational medicine, this book serves as an essential resource for health policy makers and researchers interested in national medicines policies. Country-specific chapters have a common format, beginning with an overview of the health system and regulatory and policy environments, before discussing the difficulties in maintaining a medicines supply system, challenges in ensuring access to affordable medicines and issues impacting on rational medicine use. Numerous case studies are also used to highlight key issues and each chapter concludes with country-specific solutions to the issues raised. Written by highly regarded academics, the book includes countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and South America. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Directory of Corporate Affiliations , 2003 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Political Economy of Universal Healthcare in Africa Philip C. Aka, Hassan Wahab, Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh, 2022-04-27 The global rise in pandemics, most recently COVID-19, and other health challenges, some of which are due to climate change, have imposed significant challenges on the healthcare systems in economies around the world. Thus, this book deals with an issue that is very timely and relevant, not just in Africa but globally. It critically assesses healthcare reforms in Ghana under the Fourth Republic, since 1993. Although it focuses on Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme of 2003, the book instructively goes beyond this program. The book argues that, although Ghana is a bellwether of healthcare reforms in Africa, its healthcare initiatives are still far from the service haven of healthcare as a human right. Themes that animate the book’s argument include the need to translate human rights law, such as the right to health, into practical policies that work for ordinary citizens. Key highlights of the book include an increased accent on health as a human right, emphasis on comparative analysis in healthcare studies, and the formulation of a four-hallmark framework, embedded in economics, law, politics, and human rights, to act as a guide for assessment of healthcare reforms in Africa in particular, and Ghana more specifically. Using Ghana as a case study and analytical window into the world, the book offers a valuable and timely resource for academics, students and policymakers across the disciplines of development and healthcare economics, law, public policy, political science, sociology, and African and Caribbean studies, as well as in various fields in health science. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Corporate Finance Bluebook , 1991 |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Right to Health at the Public/Private Divide Colleen M. Flood, Aeyal Gross, 2014-04-28 A comparative study covering all continents, this book explores the role of health rights in advancing greater equality through access to health care. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Organization Development in Healthcare Jason Wolf, Heather Hanson, Mark Moir, 2011-02-01 In a world saturated with the “how tos” of OD, there is a void of evidence-based resources for both organizational leaders and OD scholar-practitioners to use as a guide while navigating the complex and chaotic environment of healthcare. This handbook has been created to fill this space and provide a resource for this vital audience at a time of great change and greater potential in the healthcare arena. The handbook will focus on the critical nature of OD in healthcare and how it applies in this unique environment; examining its broad use from hospitals to corporate offices and from small systems to multinational corporations. The book will provide research-based, practical processes and methods, while sharing compelling cases of how the compassion and care associated with healthcare is wound tightly with the OD work it encompasses.The handbook will also offer a comprehensive look at the role OD plays in the critical issues and significant changes facing healthcare today. The handbook overall is a small part history and a small part predictions surrounding very practical and applicable uses of OD In healthcare. Through the sharing of engagement processes, revealing outcomes and connecting each concept to a living case of how OD has impacted the healthcare field, this handbook provides a unique resource for OD and HR professionals, healthcare executives, MHA students and the academic community. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: International Directory of Company Histories Thomas Derdak, Jay P. Pederson, 1999-12 Multi-volume major reference work bringing together histories of companies that are a leading influence in a particular industry or geographic location. For students, job candidates, business executives, historians and investors. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: The Interwar World Andrew Denning, Heidi J.S. Tworek, 2023-08-29 The Interwar World collects an international group of over 50 contributors to discuss, analyze, and interpret this crucial period in twentieth-century history. A comprehensive understanding of the interwar era has been limited by Euro-American approaches and strict adherence to the temporal limits of the world wars. The volume’s contributors challenge the era’s accepted temporal and geographic framings by privileging global processes and interactions. Each contribution takes a global, thematic approach, integrating world regions into a shared narrative. Three central questions frame the chapters. First, when was the interwar? Viewed globally, the years 1918 and 1939 are arbitrary limits, and the volume explicitly engages with the artificiality of the temporal framework while closely examining the specific dynamics of the 1920s and 1930s. Second, where was the interwar? Contributors use global history methodologies and training in varied world regions to decenter Euro-American frameworks, engaging directly with the usefulness of the interwar as both an era and an analytical category. Third, how global was the interwar? Authors trace accelerating connections in areas such as public health and mass culture counterbalanced by processes of economic protectionism, exclusive nationalism, and limits to migration. By approaching the era thematically, the volume disaggregates and interrogates the meaning of the ‘global’ in this era. As a comprehensive guide, this volume offers overviews of key themes of the interwar period for undergraduates, while offering up-to-date historiographical insights for postgraduates and scholars interested in this pivotal period in global history. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Insurance Directory 2006 Ingenix, 2005-09 This valuable directory provides a comprehensive, accurate listing of insurance companies handling medical claims. |
| colonial healthcare insurance: Hoover's 500 Hoover's Staff, Reference Press, Hoover's, Hoover's Incorporated, 1996 Just what are the 500 largest business enterprises in America? Hoover's 500 is the place to find the answer. Ranked by revenues, the companies in this book represent the American dream of making it big. Over 350,000 copies of Hoover's Handbooks have been sold, and every month, more than two million people refer to Hoover's for their business needs. |
