Advertisement
Black Wall Street Sacramento: A Thriving Hub of Black Entrepreneurship and Community
Introduction:
Sacramento, California, is experiencing a powerful resurgence of Black-owned businesses, creating what many are calling a "Black Wall Street." This isn't just a catchy phrase; it represents a vibrant ecosystem of entrepreneurship, community building, and economic empowerment. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the heart of Sacramento's Black Wall Street, exploring its history, current landscape, key players, challenges, and future prospects. We'll profile successful businesses, highlight initiatives supporting growth, and examine the broader societal impact of this vital economic engine. Prepare to be inspired by the resilience, creativity, and unwavering spirit driving this remarkable movement.
I. A Brief History: From Struggle to Strength
Sacramento, like many American cities, has a complex history regarding racial equality and economic opportunity. While systemic racism has historically limited Black economic advancement, recent years have witnessed a conscious effort to redress these historical injustices. The emergence of Black Wall Street Sacramento is a direct response to this ongoing struggle, showcasing the power of community collaboration and entrepreneurial determination. This section will explore the historical context, highlighting pivotal moments that laid the groundwork for today's flourishing ecosystem. We'll examine the challenges faced by Black entrepreneurs throughout Sacramento's history, showcasing how those challenges fueled the desire to build a self-sustaining economic community.
II. Key Players and Businesses Shaping the Scene:
This section will profile some of the remarkable individuals and businesses driving the growth of Black Wall Street Sacramento. We'll highlight diverse enterprises, from restaurants and boutiques to tech startups and professional services, showcasing the breadth and depth of entrepreneurial talent within the community. Each profile will include a brief history, the unique value proposition of the business, and the owner's vision for its future contributions to the community. The goal is to provide a representative sample of the vibrant business landscape and inspire readers to explore and support these enterprises.
III. Community Support and Initiatives Fueling Growth:
The success of Black Wall Street Sacramento isn't solely dependent on individual businesses; it thrives on a network of supportive organizations and initiatives. This section will examine the crucial role of community development corporations, non-profits, and mentorship programs in fostering growth and sustainability. We'll explore funding opportunities, business incubation programs, and initiatives designed to overcome barriers to entry for Black entrepreneurs. This will highlight the collective effort required to build a truly thriving ecosystem.
IV. Challenges and Opportunities for Future Growth:
Despite significant progress, Black Wall Street Sacramento still faces challenges common to many minority-owned businesses. This section will address issues like access to capital, systemic bias, and the need for ongoing support to ensure long-term sustainability. We will discuss potential solutions, explore strategies for addressing systemic inequalities, and highlight the ongoing need for community support and advocacy. This honest assessment is crucial to understanding the ongoing journey towards economic empowerment.
V. The Broader Impact: Economic Empowerment and Community Building:
Beyond the immediate economic benefits, Black Wall Street Sacramento plays a crucial role in broader community building. This section will discuss the societal impact of this initiative, emphasizing its contribution to social justice, community pride, and the creation of positive role models for future generations. We'll explore the ripple effect of economic empowerment on families, neighborhoods, and the broader Sacramento community.
VI. Conclusion: A Vision for the Future
This concluding section will offer a hopeful outlook for the future of Black Wall Street Sacramento, highlighting the potential for continued growth and expansion. It will reiterate the importance of sustained community support, ongoing advocacy, and the unwavering spirit of Black entrepreneurs in shaping a more equitable and prosperous future.
Article Outline:
Title: Black Wall Street Sacramento: A Comprehensive Guide
I. Introduction: Hook, overview of the article's content.
II. A Brief History: Historical context, challenges faced by Black entrepreneurs.
III. Key Players and Businesses: Profiles of successful businesses and entrepreneurs.
IV. Community Support & Initiatives: Role of organizations and programs in fostering growth.
V. Challenges and Opportunities: Addressing systemic issues and future prospects.
VI. Broader Impact: Social justice, community building, and role models.
VII. Conclusion: A hopeful vision for the future of Black Wall Street Sacramento.
(Detailed content for each section is provided above in the main article body.)
FAQs:
1. Where is Black Wall Street Sacramento located? While not a geographically defined area like a traditional "street," it refers to the burgeoning network of Black-owned businesses throughout Sacramento.
2. What types of businesses are part of Black Wall Street Sacramento? A wide range, from restaurants and retail shops to professional services and tech startups.
3. How can I support Black Wall Street Sacramento? By actively patronizing Black-owned businesses, spreading awareness, and supporting initiatives that promote their growth.
4. What are the biggest challenges facing Black Wall Street Sacramento? Access to capital, systemic biases, and the need for ongoing support and advocacy.
5. Are there any organizations supporting Black Wall Street Sacramento? Yes, several community development corporations, non-profits, and mentorship programs actively support these businesses.
6. What is the historical context of Black Wall Street Sacramento? It's a response to historical economic disparities and a concerted effort to build economic empowerment within the Black community.
7. How can I find a list of Black-owned businesses in Sacramento? Online searches, social media groups, and local directories can help you locate these businesses.
8. What is the long-term vision for Black Wall Street Sacramento? To create a sustainable and thriving economic ecosystem that benefits the Black community and contributes to a more equitable Sacramento.
9. How can I get involved in supporting the growth of Black Wall Street Sacramento? Volunteer your time, donate to supporting organizations, or mentor aspiring Black entrepreneurs.
Related Articles:
1. Sacramento's Economic Landscape: A Comparative Analysis: Examines the economic landscape of Sacramento, highlighting the unique contribution of Black Wall Street.
2. The Role of Mentorship in Black Entrepreneurship: Focuses on mentorship programs specifically supporting Black entrepreneurs in Sacramento.
3. Funding Opportunities for Minority-Owned Businesses in Sacramento: Details funding options available to help Black-owned businesses thrive.
4. Overcoming Systemic Barriers to Black Business Ownership: Discusses the challenges faced and strategies for overcoming them.
5. The Impact of Black-Owned Businesses on Community Development: Explores the broader social and economic benefits of Black entrepreneurship.
6. Success Stories of Black Entrepreneurs in Sacramento: Features inspiring profiles of successful Black business owners.
7. Building a Thriving Black Community in Sacramento: Explores the broader community building aspects beyond just economic empowerment.
8. The Future of Entrepreneurship in Sacramento: Examines the overall entrepreneurial landscape and the place of Black Wall Street within it.
9. Advocacy Groups Supporting Black Businesses in Sacramento: Highlights organizations actively advocating for and supporting Black-owned businesses.
| black wall street sacramento: Dread David Theo Goldberg, 2021-06-11 A pervasive sense has taken hold that any and all of us are under suspicion and surveillance, walking on a tightrope, a step away from erasure of rights or security. Nothing new for many long-targeted populations, it is now surfacing as a broad social sensibility, ramped up by environmental crisis and pandemic wreckage. We have come to live in proliferating dread, even of dread itself. In this brilliant analysis of the nature, origins, and implications of this gnawing feeling, David Theo Goldberg exposes tracking-capitalism as the operating system at the root of dread. In contrast to surveillance, which requires labor-intensive analysis of people's actions and communications, tracking strips back to the fundamental mapping of our movements, networks, and all traces of our digitally mediated lives. A simultaneous tearing of the social fabric – festering culture wars, the erosion of truth, even civil war itself – frays the seams of the sociality and solidarity needed to thwart this transformation of people into harvestable, expendable data. This searing commentary offers a critical apparatus for interrogating the politics of our time, arguing that we need not just a politics of refusal and resistance, but a creative politics to counter the social life of dread. |
| black wall street sacramento: Black Enterprise , 1977-04 BLACK ENTERPRISE is the ultimate source for wealth creation for African American professionals, entrepreneurs and corporate executives. Every month, BLACK ENTERPRISE delivers timely, useful information on careers, small business and personal finance. |
| black wall street sacramento: Reimagining the Revolution Paula Lehman-Ewing, 2024-07-23 These are the architects of the modern civil rights movement: 4 profiles of revolutionary groups making change beyond protest A radically different approach to sustaining social justice movements—4 strategies for abolition and liberation from the new architects of the modern civil rights movement Many of us think, I don’t support the police. But what should take their place? Or: Prisons don’t keep us safe. But what new systems could? A lot of books about racial justice ask us how we got here, but Reimagining the Revolution is different: award-winning journalist and activist Paula Lehman-Ewing presents an inside-access look at the activists redefining where we go from here. Readers will hear from: Ivan Kilgore, an incarcerated activist who founded the 501c3 nonprofit United Black Family Scholarship Foundation from behind prison walls Critical Resistance, one of the oldest grassroots organizations in the nation working to dismantle the prison-industrial complex The co-founders of Greenwood, a Black-owned financial technology institution designed specifically for Black and Latino people and businesses: Michael Render, aka Killer Mike, Amb. Andrew Young and Ryan Glover Incarcerated activist Heshima Denham on his grassroots efforts to build a society for Black and Brown people independent of the state The Movement for Black Lives, the Alliance for Safety and Justice, BYP 100, and 8toAbolition Incarcerated and formerly incarcerated artists using art to heal from trauma, connect with other incarcerated people, and amplify abolitionist change Lehman-Ewing frames each profile within two fundamental truths: The current system—built and sustained by oppression, extraction, and inequity by design—cannot be reformed. And, knowing this, we need abolition; we need creative solutions designed by the people most impacted by the systems they fight to change. Reimagining the Revolution is a call to action for each of us: if we can access the tools we have, we can dream bigger, think outside the box, and follow the paths laid out by change-making activists toward nothing short of revolution. |
| black wall street sacramento: Encyclopedia of African American Business [2 volumes] Jessie Smith, 2017-11-27 This two-volume set showcases the achievements of African American entrepreneurs and the various businesses that they founded, developed, or promote as well as the accomplishments of many African American leaders—both those whose work is well-known and other achievers who have been neglected in history. Nearly everyone is familiar with New York City's Wall Street, a financial center of the world, but much fewer individuals know about the black Wall Streets in Durham and Tulsa, where prominent examples of successful African American leaders emerged. Encyclopedia of African American Business: Updated and Revised Edition tells the fascinating story that is the history of African American business, providing readers with an inspiring image of the economic power of black people throughout their existence in the United States. It continues the historical account of developments in the African American business community and its leaders, describing the period from 18th-century America to the present day. The book describes current business leaders, opens a fuller and deeper insight into the topics chosen, and includes numerous statistical tables within the text and in a separate section at the back of the book. The encyclopedia is arranged under three broad headings: Entry List, Topical Entry List, and Africa American Business Leaders by Occupation. This arrangement introduces readers to the contents of the work and enables them to easily find information about specific individuals, topics, or occupations. The book will appeal to students from high school through graduate school as well as researchers, library directors, business enterprises, and anyone interested in biographical information on African Americas who are business leaders will benefit from the work. |
| black wall street sacramento: In the Black Gregory S. Bell, 2002-10-01 The never-before-told story of five decades of African Americans onWall Street Here, for the first time, is the fascinating history of the AfricanAmerican experience on Wall Street as told by Gregory Bell, the sonof the man who founded the first black-owned member firm of the NewYork Stock Exchange. A successful finance professional in his ownright with close ties to leading figures in both the blackfinancial and civil rights communities, Bell tells the stories ofthe pioneers who broke down the ancient social and politicalbarriers to African American participation in the nation sfinancial industry. With the help of profiles of many importantblack leaders of the past fifty years including everyone from JesseJackson and Maynard Jackson, former mayor of Atlanta, to E. StanleyO Neal, COO and President of Merrill Lynch, and Russell Goings,founder of First Harlem Securities and cofounder of First HarlemSecurities he shows how in the years following World War II thegrowing social, political, and financial powers of AfricanAmericans converged on Wall Street. Set to publish during BlackHistory Month, In the Black will be warmly received by AfricanAmerican business readers and general readers alike. |
| black wall street sacramento: Built from the Fire Victor Luckerson, 2024-06-04 A multigenerational saga of a family and a community in Tulsa’s Greenwood district, known as “Black Wall Street,” that in one century survived the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, urban renewal, and gentrification “Ambitious . . . absorbing . . . By the end of Luckerson’s outstanding book, the idea of building something new from the ashes of what has been destroyed becomes comprehensible, even hopeful.”—Marcia Chatelain, The New York Times WINNER OF THE SABEW BEST IN BUSINESS BOOK AWARD • A NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW AND WASHINGTON POST BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR When Ed Goodwin moved with his parents to the Greenwood neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, his family joined a community soon to become the center of black life in the West. But just a few years later, on May 31, 1921, the teenaged Ed hid in a bathtub as a white mob descended on his neighborhood, laying waste to thirty-five blocks and murdering as many as three hundred people in one of the worst acts of racist violence in U.S. history. The Goodwins and their neighbors soon rebuilt the district into “a Mecca,” in Ed’s words, where nightlife thrived and small businesses flourished. Ed bought a newspaper to chronicle Greenwood’s resurgence and battles against white bigotry, and his son Jim, an attorney, embodied the family’s hopes for the civil rights movement. But by the 1970s urban renewal policies had nearly emptied the neighborhood. Today the newspaper remains, and Ed’s granddaughter Regina represents the neighborhood in the Oklahoma state legislature, working alongside a new generation of local activists to revive it once again. In Built from the Fire, journalist Victor Luckerson tells the true story behind a potent national symbol of success and solidarity and weaves an epic tale about a neighborhood that refused, more than once, to be erased. |
| black wall street sacramento: The Ups and Downs of Affirmative Action Preferences M. Ali Raza, A. Janell Anderson, Harry Glynn Custred Jr., 1999-11-30 In the context of the evolution of affirmative action at the national and state levels, this study offers an empirical account of the citizens' movement in California that successfully resulted in the passage of a constitutional amendment to abolish such preferences in public education, public employment, and public contracting. It describes how the concept of affirmative action was transmuted into quotas and set-asides even in those situations where there was no credible evidence of past discrimination. This process was aided by Presidential Executive Orders as well as by some Supreme Court decisions which, until the late 1980s, failed to provide clear parameters of compensatory versus preferential actions. The California movement arose to reassert the original vision of equality as contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Raza, Anderson, and Custred, who have studied the historical development of the phenomenon and have witnessed its actual operation, lift the curtain of secrecy that surrounds such preferences. This book challenges the notion that affirmative action is a benign and temporary measure that simply provides a helping hand to those who are disadvantaged. There is ample evidence of the institutionalization of preferences that generally provide advantages to those who could otherwise compete on their own merits. Such unfair competitive advantages, provided by government agencies and public educational institutions have neither moral nor political majority support; however, they continue to exist through pressure of political interest groups, liberal political ideology, and entrenched bureaucrats who administer the system. Quite contrary to some people's thinking, the system of preferences may no longer be considered either permanent or necessary. |
| black wall street sacramento: From Cultural Deprivation to Cultural Security Dale Allender, Arya Allender-West, 2024-07-24 This important book considers how youth of color and other marginalized youth experience socio-cultural deprivation from the repetition of traumatic socio-historic experiences as well as from the institutions they interact with such as schools, mental health organizations, and social services agencies. Focusing on the importance of connection to cultural heritage, the book shows how young people’s cognitive development can be mediated in educational settings through humanizing and culturally sustaining rituals that build rapport and facilitate learning and healing. The authors define socio-cultural deprivation and locate its origins for marginalized youth in post-traumatic slave syndrome, post-apocalyptic stress syndrome and similar socio-historic trauma, epigenetic trauma, and contemporary trauma. They weave theory and research, autobiography, and professional anecdotes to identify and elaborate upon socio-cultural deprivation and to provide rituals for rapport-building that can be applied to classrooms, group counselling, social work practices, and other human-centred work. Rituals include those acknowledging indigeneity; exploring personal ancestry and alternative forms for those who have no connection to their biological family; healing experiences through yoga, meditation, progressive relaxation, and visualization practices; and explicit relationship-building activities. From Cultural Deprivation to Cultural Security will be a crucial text for training and practising psychologists, educators, social workers, youth workers and counsellors, concerned with the positive development of children, adolescents, and young adults. |
| black wall street sacramento: Antiquarian Bookman , 1963 |
| black wall street sacramento: History Comes Alive M. J. Rymsza-Pawlowska, 2017-10-03 During the 1976 Bicentennial celebration, millions of Americans engaged with the past in brand-new ways. They became absorbed by historical miniseries like Roots, visited museums with new exhibits that immersed them in the past, propelled works of historical fiction onto the bestseller list, and participated in living history events across the nation. While many of these activities were sparked by the Bicentennial, M. J. Rymsza-Pawlowska shows that, in fact, they were symptomatic of a fundamental shift in Americans' relationship to history during the 1960s and 1970s. For the majority of the twentieth century, Americans thought of the past as foundational to, but separate from, the present, and they learned and thought about history in informational terms. But Rymsza-Pawlowska argues that the popular culture of the 1970s reflected an emerging desire to engage and enact the past on a more emotional level: to consider the feelings and motivations of historic individuals and, most importantly, to use this in reevaluating both the past and the present. This thought-provoking book charts the era's shifting feeling for history, and explores how it serves as a foundation for the experience and practice of history making today. |
| black wall street sacramento: The King Of California Mark Arax, Rick Wartzman, 2005-02-16 The fascinating story of a cotton magnate whose voracious appetite for land drove him to create the first big agricultural empire of the Central Valley of California, and shaped the landscape for decades to come. J.G. Boswell was the biggest farmer in America. He built a secret empire while thumbing his nose at nature, politicians, labor unions and every journalist who ever tried to lift the veil on the ultimate factory in the fields. The King of California is the previously untold account of how a Georgia slave-owning family migrated to California in the early 1920s,drained one of America 's biggest lakes in an act of incredible hubris and carved out the richest cotton empire in the world. Indeed, the sophistication of Boswell 's agricultural operation -from lab to field to gin -- is unrivaled anywhere. Much more than a business story, this is a sweeping social history that details the saga of cotton growers who were chased from the South by the boll weevil and brought their black farmhands to California. It is a gripping read with cameos by a cast of famous characters, from Cecil B. DeMille to Cesar Chavez. |
| black wall street sacramento: Lies about Black People Omekongo Dibinga, 2023-07-15 From the Black Lives Matter movement to the health and economic disparities exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, Americans have been forced to reckon with our country’s fraught history – and present – of racial bias and inequality. Now that we have scratched the surface on courageous conversations about race, many are wondering: what is the next step towards healing and justice? Lies About Black People: How to Combat Racist Stereotypes and Why it Matters is designed for anyone who wants to examine their own biases and behaviors with a deeper critical lens in order to take action, make change, and engage positively in the fight for racial equality. In this honest and welcoming book, diversity and inclusion expert, professor, and award-winning speaker Dr. Omekongo Dibinga argues that we must embark on a massive undertaking to re-educate ourselves on the stereotypes that have proven harmful, and too often deadly, to the Black community. Through personal anecdotes, nuanced historical inquiry, and engaging analysis of modern-day events and their historical context and implications, this invaluable guide will break down some of the most powerful lies told about Black people. Whether those lies are pernicious, like the idea that “most black people are criminals,” or seemingly innocuous, like the notion that “black people can’t swim,” all of the lies and stereotypes combatted in this book are rooted in hate and continue to undermine not only Black people in America, but our society as a whole. Beyond combatting these harmful lies, Dr. Dibinga also provides readers with powerful insights on our racial vocabulary, reflective hands-on exercises that will allow readers to confront and change their own biases, and an honest discussion about how to move beyond misplaced shame and use privilege to serve others. Featuring personal surveys alongside real-life interviews with those who have been affected by racial biases first-hand, this open and thoughtful guide will lead readers on a path to understanding, action, and change. |
| black wall street sacramento: Black Power Afterlives Diane Fujino, Matef Harmachis, 2020-08-04 The first book to comprehensively examine how the Black Panther Party has directly shaped the practices and ideas that have animated grassroots activism in the decades since its decline, Black Power Afterlives represents a major scholarly achievement as well as an important resource for today's activists. Through its focus on the enduring impact of the Black Panther Party, this volume expands the historiography of Black Power studies beyond the 1960s-70s and serves as a bridge between studies of the BPP during its organizational existence and studies of present-day Black activism, allowing today's readers and organizers to situate themselves in a long lineage of liberation movements. |
| black wall street sacramento: Who's what and where Ben Johnson, Mary Bullard-Johnson, 1988 |
| black wall street sacramento: Race, Reform, and Rebellion Manning Marable, 2022-11-15 Since its original publication in 1984, Manning Marable's Race, Reform, and Rebellion has become widely known as the most crucial political and social history of African Americans since World War II. Aimed at students of contemporary American politics and society and written by one of the most articulate and eloquent authorities on the movement for black freedom, this acclaimed study traces the divergent elements of political, social, and moral reform in nonwhite America since 1945. This third edition brings Marable's study into the twenty-first century, analyzing the effects of such factors as black neoconservatism, welfare reform, the Million Man March, the mainstreaming of hip-hop culture, 9/11, and Hurricane Katrina. Marable's work, brought into the present, remains one of the most dramatic, well-conceived, and provocative histories of the struggle for African American civil rights and equality. Through the 1950s and 1960s, Marable follows the emergence of a powerful black working class, the successful effort to abolish racial segregation, the outbreak of Black Power, urban rebellion, and the renaissance of Black Nationalism. He explores the increased participation of blacks and other ethnic groups in governmental systems and the white reaction during the period he terms the Second Reconstruction. Race, Reform, and Rebellion illustrates how poverty, illegal drugs, unemployment, and a deteriorating urban infrastructure hammered the African American community in the 1980s and early 1990s. |
| black wall street sacramento: The Price of the Ticket James Baldwin, 2021-09-21 An essential compendium of James Baldwin’s most powerful nonfiction work, calling on us “to end the racial nightmare, and achieve our country.” Personal and prophetic, these essays uncover what it means to live in a racist American society with insights that feel as fresh today as they did over the 4 decades in which he composed them. Longtime Baldwin fans and especially those just discovering his genius will appreciate this essential collection of his great nonfiction writing, available for the first time in affordable paperback. Along with 46 additional pieces, it includes the full text of dozens of famous essays from such books as: • Notes of a Native Son • Nobody Knows My Name • The Fire Next Time • No Name in the Street • The Devil Finds Work This collection provides the perfect entrée into Baldwin’s prescient commentary on race, sexuality, and identity in an unjust American society. |
| black wall street sacramento: Lena and the Burning of Greenwood Nikki Shannon Smith, 2022 Twelve-year-old Lena is aware of racism, but she lives a comfortable life in the segregated but relatively wealthy Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma; but on May 31, 1921 racial tensions explode, and men from downtown Tulsa invade Greenwood, set on killing and destroying the district--and as the violence escalates Lena, her parents, and her older sister search desperately for a safe place to hide from the mob. |
| black wall street sacramento: Illiberal Education Dinesh D'Souza, 1991 As it illuminates the crisis of liberal education and offers proposals for reform which deserve full debate (Morton Halperin, American Civil Liberties Union), Illiberal Education documents how the politics of race and gender in our universities are rapidly eating away traditions of scholarship and reward for individual achievement (Robert H. Bork). (Education/Teaching) |
| black wall street sacramento: Dispossessed Noelle Stout, 2019-06-04 In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, more than 14 million U.S. homeowners filed for foreclosure. Focusing on the hard-hit Sacramento Valley, Noelle Stout uncovers the predacious bureaucracy that organized the largest bank seizure of residential homes in U.S. history. Stout reveals the failure of Wall Street banks’ mortgage assistance programs—backed by over $300 billion of federal funds—to deliver on the promise of relief. Unlike the programs of the Great Depression, in which the government took on the toxic mortgage debt of Americans, corporate lenders and loan servicers ultimately denied over 70 percent of homeowner applications. In the voices of bank employees and homeowners, Stout unveils how call center representatives felt about denying appeals and shares the fears of families living on the brink of eviction. Stout discloses the impacts of rising inequality on homeowners—from whites who felt their middle-class life unraveling to communities of color who experienced a more precipitous and dire decline. Trapped in a Kafkaesque maze of mortgage assistance, borrowers began to view debt refusal as a moral response to lenders, as seemingly mundane bureaucratic dramas came to redefine the meaning of debt and dispossession. |
| black wall street sacramento: Through the Ages , 1930 |
| black wall street sacramento: Disorders and Terrorism United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, 1976 |
| black wall street sacramento: Disorders and Terrorism United States. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism, 1977 Government study prompted by acts of extraordinary violence in this country since the 1960s. Included in the appendices is a chronology of terrorist episodes in the U.S. from Jan. 1959-March 1976 and a bibliography prepared by staff members of the New York University Law School Staff. |
| black wall street sacramento: Black Wall Street 100 Hannibal B Johnson, 2021-05-20 Black Wall Street 100: An American City Grapples with its Historical Racial Trauma, endorsed by the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Centennial Commission and the 400 Years of African American History Commission, furthers the educational mission of both bodies. The book offers updates on developments in Tulsa generally and in Tulsa's Greenwood District specifically since the publication of Hannibal B. Johnson's, Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa's Historic Greenwood District. Black Wall Street 100 is a window into what distinguishes the Tulsa of today from the Tulsa of a century ago. Before peering through that porthole, we must first reflect on Tulsa's Historic Greenwood District in all its splendor and squalor, from the prodigious entrepreneurial spirit that pervaded it to the carnage that characterized the 1921 massacre to the post-massacre rebound and rebuilding that raised the District to new heights to the mid-twentieth-century decline that proved to be a second near-fatal blow to the current recalibration and rebranding of a resurgent, but differently configured, community. Tulsa's trajectory may be instructive for other communities similarly seeking to address their own histories of racial trauma. Conversely, Tulsa may benefit from learning more about the paths taken by other communities. Through sharing and synergy, we stand a better chance of doing the work necessary to spur healing and move farther toward the reconciliation of which we so often speak. |
| black wall street sacramento: Merchant Vessels of the United States , 1974 |
| black wall street sacramento: Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World , 1880 |
| black wall street sacramento: Written/Unwritten Patricia A. Matthew, 2016-10-03 The academy may claim to seek and value diversity in its professoriate, but reports from faculty of color around the country make clear that departments and administrators discriminate in ways that range from unintentional to malignant. Stories abound of scholars--despite impressive records of publication, excellent teaching evaluations, and exemplary service to their universities--struggling on the tenure track. These stories, however, are rarely shared for public consumption. Written/Unwritten reveals that faculty of color often face two sets of rules when applying for reappointment, tenure, and promotion: those made explicit in handbooks and faculty orientations or determined by union contracts and those that operate beneath the surface. It is this second, unwritten set of rules that disproportionally affects faculty who are hired to diversify academic departments and then expected to meet ever-shifting requirements set by tenured colleagues and administrators. Patricia A. Matthew and her contributors reveal how these implicit processes undermine the quality of research and teaching in American colleges and universities. They also show what is possible when universities persist in their efforts to create a diverse and more equitable professorate. These narratives hold the academy accountable while providing a pragmatic view about how it might improve itself and how that improvement can extend to academic culture at large. The contributors and interviewees are Ariana E. Alexander, Marlon M. Bailey, Houston A. Baker Jr., Dionne Bensonsmith, Leslie Bow, Angie Chabram, Andreana Clay, Jane Chin Davidson, April L. Few-Demo, Eric Anthony Grollman, Carmen V. Harris, Rashida L. Harrison, Ayanna Jackson-Fowler, Roshanak Kheshti, Patricia A. Matthew, Fred Piercy, Deepa S. Reddy, Lisa Sanchez Gonzalez, Wilson Santos, Sarita Echavez See, Andrew J. Stremmel, Cheryl A. Wall, E. Frances White, Jennifer D. Williams, and Doctoral Candidate X. |
| black wall street sacramento: The Publishers Weekly , 1886 |
| black wall street sacramento: Strike Art Yates McKee, 2016-03-08 The collision of activism and contemporary art, from the Seattle protests to Occupy and beyond The collision of activism and contemporary art, from the Seattle protests to Occupy and beyond What is the relation of art to the practice of radical politics today? Strike Art explores this question through the historical lens of Occupy, an event that had artists at its core. Precarious, indebted, and radicalized, artists redirected their creativity from servicing the artworld into an expanded field of organizing in order to construct of a new—if internally fraught—political imaginary set off against the common enemy of the 1%. In the process, they called the bluff of a contemporary art system torn between ideals of radical critique, on the one hand, and an increasing proximity to Wall Street on the other—oftentimes directly targeting major art institutions themselves as sites of action. Tracking the work of groups including MTL, Not an Alternative, the Illuminator, the Rolling Jubilee, and G.U.L.F, Strike Art shows how Occupy ushered in a new era of artistically-oriented direct action that continues to ramify far beyond the initial act of occupation itself into ongoing struggles surrounding labor, debt, and climate justice, concluding with a consideration of the overlaps between such work and the aesthetic practices of the Black Lives Matter movement. Art after Occupy, McKee suggests, contains great potentials of imagination and action for a renewed left project that are still only beginning to ripen, at once shaking up and taking flight from the art system as we know it. |
| black wall street sacramento: A Century of Service Ralph D. Christy, Lionel Williamson, 2012-01-01 In 1890 congressional legislation opened a new chapter in the history of higher education by allocating public support for black Land-Grant colleges and universities.These institutions were established to provide training to blacks in the fields of agriculture, home economics, the mechanical arts, and other useful professions. For a century, these schools have assumed and continue to maintain a unique and important role in affording educational opportunities for thousands of students to whom no other doors would have been opened. A Century of Service is both a history and a celebration of these Land-Grant schools. The work also provides a presentation of views on how their original mission can best be adapted to the challenges of the future. The 1890 Land-Grant institutions are a legacy of what can be accomplished with little more than a determined, tenacious commitment to survive and excel. In spite of unequal financial support, they have succeeded in establishing and building quality resident academic and extension programs on a par with those of other colleges and universities not suffering the same economic limitations. As demonstrated throughout this volume, the 1890 institutions have amassed an impressive record of achievement in the areas of agricultural research, cooperative extension, development of rural communities' support systems, human resources development, resident instruction, international development, and technology and information transfer. In assessing the current state of the schools and looking to the future, the authors seek ways of building upon their strengths and traditions and explore alternative institutional designs to enhance the status and opportunities for African American agricultural scientists and professionals under quite new circumstances. A Century of Service will be of interest to social historians, black studies specialists, agricultural scientists, and educators. |
| black wall street sacramento: The Homicidal Handyman of Oak Park: Morris Solomon Jr. Tony Ray Harvey, 2012-08-02 AS FAR AS FITTING THE STEREOTYPES bestowed to infamous chain-link murderers that exist outside African American culture, there was a time when black serial killers were recognized, to some extent, implausible by purported experts who probably cared not to explore the primary nature of the slayers transgressions. Nevertheless, the obscured story of handyman Morris Solomon Jr. has to be one of the most interesting tales untold as it is one of the most horrific yarns in the annals of American crime. The handymans misdeeds, when briefly brought to the publics attention, virtually reminded society that killers continuously come in all colors, shapes, and sizes. Solomon was convicted of killing six young women, ages 16 to 29, in the Sacramento, California, neighborhood of Oak Park between 1986 and 1987. The handymans grisly method of murder left detectives and medical examiners mystified. The identification process of his victims remains was distinctly a laborious assignment, too. The victims drug addicts, prostitutes, and devout mothers were stuffed in closets, hidden under debris, and arguably, one court judge strongly considers, buried alive. In retrospect, the handyman was first accused of murder in the mid-1970s; and authorities suspect him to be linked to four more homicides in Sacramento. Solomon once declared as a Mentally Disordered Sex Offender is now on death row in Northern Californias San Quentin State Prison awaiting execution. The unassuming handymans 18-year reign of terror includes a record of sexual assaults, attempted kidnappings, and separate despicable sex acts performed strictly for humiliation. In The Homicidal Handyman of Oak Park: Morris Solomon Jr., author and journalist Tony Ray Harvey recounts the black serial killers dysfunctional upbringing, atrocious crimes, and hardly noticeable court trial. Harveys book also provides explicit crime scene photos, the history of the death penalty system in the state of California, the city of Sacramentos drug culture in the mid-1980s, and exclusive prison interviews of the mild-mannered handyman. |
| black wall street sacramento: Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World J.B. Lippincott Company, 1880 |
| black wall street sacramento: The Black Panther Party (reconsidered) Charles Earl Jones, 1998 This new collection of essays, contributed by scholars and former Panthers, is a ground-breaking work that offers thought-provoking and pertinent observations about the many facets of the Party. By placing the perspectives of participants and scholars side by side, Dr. Jones presents an insider view and initiates a vital dialogue that is absent from most historical studies. |
| black wall street sacramento: San Francisco Lithographer Robert J. Chandler, 2014-01-29 Grafton Tyler Brown—whose heritage was likely one-eighth African American—finessed his way through San Francisco society by passing for white. Working in an environment hostile to African American achievement, Brown became a successful commercial artist and businessman in the rough-and-tumble gold rush era and the years after the Civil War. Best known for his bird’s-eye cityscapes, he also produced and published maps, charts, and business documents, and he illustrated books, sheet music, advertisements, and labels for cans and other packaging. This biography by a distinguished California historian gives an underappreciated artist and his work recognition long overdue. Focusing on Grafton Tyler Brown’s lithography and his life in nineteenth-century San Francisco, Robert J. Chandler offers a study equally fascinating as a business and cultural history and as an introduction to Brown the artist. Chandler’s contextualization of Brown’s career goes beyond the issue of race. Showing how Brown survived and flourished as a businessman, Chandler offers unique insight into the growth of printing and publishing in California and the West. He examines the rise of lithography, its commercial and cultural importance, and the competition among lithographic companies. He also analyzes Brown’s work and style, comparing it to the products of rival firms. Brown was not respected as a fine artist until after his death. Collectors of western art and Americana now recognize the importance of Californiana and of Brown’s work, some of which depicts Portland and the Pacific Northwest, and they will find Chandler’s checklist, descriptions, and reproductions of Brown’s ephemera—including billheads and maps—as uniquely valuable as Chandler’s contribution to the cultural and commercial history of California. In an afterword, historian Shirley Ann Wilson Moore discusses the circumstances and significance of passing in nineteenth-century America. |
| black wall street sacramento: Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World Joseph Thomas, 1902 |
| black wall street sacramento: Standard Metal Directory , 1948 |
| black wall street sacramento: Culture Wars Roger Chapman, 2015-03-17 The term culture wars refers to the political and sociological polarisation that has characterised American society the past several decades. This new edition provides an enlightening and comprehensive A-to-Z ready reference, now with supporting primary documents, on major topics of contemporary importance for students, teachers, and the general reader. It aims to promote understanding and clarification on pertinent topics that too often are not adequately explained or discussed in a balanced context. With approximately 640 entries plus more than 120 primary documents supporting both sides of key issues, this is a unique and defining work, indispensable to informed discussions of the most timely and critical issues facing America today. |
| black wall street sacramento: Special Publication California. Department of Agriculture, 1935 |
| black wall street sacramento: Report of the ... National Conference on Weights and Measures National Conference on Weights and Measures, 1962 |
| black wall street sacramento: National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication , 1963 |
| black wall street sacramento: Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards United States. National Bureau of Standards, 1934 |
