Networks Crowds And Markets

Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Understanding the Interplay of Modern Economies

Introduction:

In today's hyper-connected world, the lines between networks, crowds, and markets are blurring, creating a dynamic and often unpredictable economic landscape. Understanding how these three forces interact is crucial for businesses, policymakers, and individuals alike. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricate relationship between networks, crowds, and markets, exploring their individual characteristics, their synergistic effects, and the challenges they present in the 21st century. We'll examine real-world examples, explore future trends, and equip you with the knowledge to navigate this evolving economic terrain. Prepare to unlock the secrets of this powerful trifecta.

1. Understanding Networks: The Foundation of Connection

Networks are the foundational structure upon which crowds and markets operate. They represent the connections—physical, digital, or social—that link individuals, organizations, and resources. These connections can be formal, like supply chains or social media platforms, or informal, like the network of relationships within a community. The strength and structure of a network significantly impact its ability to facilitate the emergence of crowds and markets. Key characteristics of influential networks include:

Density: The number of connections within the network. A denser network generally facilitates faster information flow and collaboration.
Centrality: The importance of individual nodes within the network. Highly central nodes often exert significant influence.
Resilience: The ability of the network to withstand disruptions and continue functioning. Resilient networks are crucial for economic stability.
Diversity: The range of actors and resources within the network. Diverse networks tend to be more innovative and adaptable.

2. Exploring Crowds: The Power of Collective Action

Crowds represent the collective action of individuals, often facilitated by networks. The rise of the internet has dramatically amplified the power of crowds, enabling coordinated action on a global scale. Crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and citizen science are prime examples of this phenomenon. Key aspects of crowds include:

Collective Intelligence: The ability of a crowd to make better decisions than any individual member.
Diversity of Skills and Perspectives: Crowds bring together a wide range of expertise and viewpoints, leading to innovative solutions.
Scalability: Crowds can achieve significant results through the combined efforts of many participants.
Challenges of Coordination and Control: Managing and coordinating large, dispersed crowds can be challenging, requiring effective communication and governance structures.

3. Deciphering Markets: The Exchange of Value

Markets represent the mechanisms through which goods, services, and information are exchanged. Traditional markets rely on established institutions and intermediaries, while digital markets often leverage networks and crowds to create more efficient and transparent systems. The interplay between networks, crowds, and markets is crucial for determining market efficiency, price discovery, and overall economic activity. Key features of markets relevant to this interplay are:

Price Determination: The mechanism by which prices are set, often influenced by supply and demand dynamics within the network.
Transaction Costs: The costs associated with participating in the market, including information gathering, negotiation, and enforcement.
Market Structure: The organization of the market, including the number of buyers and sellers, their relative power, and the presence of barriers to entry.
Information Asymmetry: The unequal distribution of information among market participants, which can lead to inefficiencies.


4. The Synergistic Relationship: Networks, Crowds, and Markets in Action

The truly powerful aspect lies in the interplay of these three forces. Networks provide the infrastructure, crowds provide the human capital and collective intelligence, and markets provide the mechanism for exchange. Consider the following examples:

E-commerce: Online marketplaces leverage networks (the internet), crowds (consumers and sellers), and markets (the exchange of goods and services).
Crowdfunding: Platforms connect networks (online communities), crowds (investors), and markets (the funding of projects).
The Sharing Economy: Services like Uber and Airbnb utilize networks (platforms), crowds (drivers and hosts), and markets (the exchange of transportation and accommodation).


5. Challenges and Future Trends

While the convergence of networks, crowds, and markets presents significant opportunities, it also poses challenges:

Data Privacy and Security: The collection and use of personal data in networked environments raise significant privacy concerns.
Algorithmic Bias: Algorithms used to facilitate market interactions can perpetuate existing societal biases.
Regulation and Governance: The decentralized nature of many online platforms necessitates new approaches to regulation and governance.
The Digital Divide: Unequal access to technology and digital literacy can exacerbate existing inequalities.


6. Conclusion: Navigating the Future of Economics

Understanding the intricate relationship between networks, crowds, and markets is essential for navigating the complexities of the modern economy. By harnessing the power of these interconnected forces while addressing the associated challenges, we can create more inclusive, efficient, and sustainable economic systems. The future will be shaped by our ability to effectively manage and leverage this dynamic interplay.


Article Outline: Networks, Crowds, and Markets

I. Introduction
Hook and overview of the topic.
Brief definition of networks, crowds, and markets.
Thesis statement: The interplay of networks, crowds, and markets is shaping modern economies.

II. Networks: The Foundation
Definition and types of networks.
Key characteristics (density, centrality, resilience, diversity).
Examples of networks in action.

III. Crowds: The Collective Force
Definition and emergence of crowds.
Key characteristics (collective intelligence, diversity, scalability, coordination challenges).
Examples of crowd-based initiatives.

IV. Markets: The Exchange Mechanism
Definition and types of markets.
Key characteristics (price determination, transaction costs, market structure, information asymmetry).
Examples of market structures.

V. The Synergistic Relationship
How networks, crowds, and markets interact.
Examples of synergistic effects in e-commerce, crowdfunding, and the sharing economy.

VI. Challenges and Future Trends
Data privacy, algorithmic bias, regulation, digital divide.
Potential solutions and future implications.


VII. Conclusion
Summary of key points.
Final thoughts on the future of networks, crowds, and markets.



(Detailed content for each section is provided above in the main article.)


FAQs:

1. What is the difference between a network and a market? A network is a system of connections, while a market is a system for exchanging goods and services. Networks often facilitate market interactions.

2. How does crowd intelligence work? Crowd intelligence leverages the collective wisdom of many individuals to make better decisions than any single person could.

3. What are the ethical considerations of using crowds in business? Ethical considerations include data privacy, fair compensation, and transparency.

4. How can businesses leverage networks to improve their performance? Businesses can use networks for collaboration, innovation, and access to new markets.

5. What are the risks of relying on crowdsourcing? Risks include quality control issues, intellectual property challenges, and potential for bias.

6. How is technology changing the nature of markets? Technology is creating more efficient, transparent, and global markets.

7. What are the challenges of regulating online marketplaces? Challenges include jurisdictional issues, enforcement difficulties, and the fast-paced evolution of technology.

8. How can we address the digital divide? Addressing the digital divide requires investments in infrastructure, digital literacy training, and equitable access to technology.

9. What is the future of the sharing economy? The sharing economy will likely continue to grow, but will face challenges related to regulation, competition, and sustainability.



Related Articles:

1. The Rise of the Platform Economy: Explores the impact of digital platforms on networks, crowds, and markets.
2. Crowdfunding: A New Model of Finance: Examines the evolution and impact of crowdfunding platforms.
3. The Sharing Economy and its Discontents: Discusses the social and economic implications of the sharing economy.
4. Network Effects and Market Dominance: Analyzes the role of network effects in shaping market power.
5. Algorithmic Bias and its Impact on Markets: Investigates the ethical and societal implications of biased algorithms.
6. Data Privacy in the Age of Big Data: Discusses the challenges and solutions related to data privacy in networked environments.
7. The Future of Work in the Gig Economy: Explores the changing nature of work in the context of crowds and platforms.
8. The Role of Regulation in the Digital Economy: Examines the need for effective regulation in the digital marketplace.
9. Blockchain Technology and its Potential to Disrupt Markets: Discusses the potential of blockchain to transform economic systems.


  networks crowds and markets: Networks, Crowds, and Markets David Easley, Jon Kleinberg, 2010-07-19 Are all film stars linked to Kevin Bacon? Why do the stock markets rise and fall sharply on the strength of a vague rumour? How does gossip spread so quickly? Are we all related through six degrees of separation? There is a growing awareness of the complex networks that pervade modern society. We see them in the rapid growth of the internet, the ease of global communication, the swift spread of news and information, and in the way epidemics and financial crises develop with startling speed and intensity. This introductory book on the new science of networks takes an interdisciplinary approach, using economics, sociology, computing, information science and applied mathematics to address fundamental questions about the links that connect us, and the ways that our decisions can have consequences for others.
  networks crowds and markets: Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers Georg Hager, Gerhard Wellein, 2010-07-02 Written by high performance computing (HPC) experts, Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers provides a solid introduction to current mainstream computer architecture, dominant parallel programming models, and useful optimization strategies for scientific HPC. From working in a scientific computing center, the author
  networks crowds and markets: The Wisdom of Crowds James Surowiecki, 2005-08-16 In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant—better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world.
  networks crowds and markets: The Wealth of Networks Yochai Benkler, 2006-01-01 Describes how patterns of information, knowledge, and cultural production are changing. The author shows that the way information and knowledge are made available can either limit or enlarge the ways people create and express themselves. He describes the range of legal and policy choices that confront.
  networks crowds and markets: Complex Networks Vito Latora, Vincenzo Nicosia, Giovanni Russo, 2017-09-28 A comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of complex network science, complete with real-world data sets and software tools.
  networks crowds and markets: Computational Network Science Henry Hexmoor, 2014-09-23 The emerging field of network science represents a new style of research that can unify such traditionally-diverse fields as sociology, economics, physics, biology, and computer science. It is a powerful tool in analyzing both natural and man-made systems, using the relationships between players within these networks and between the networks themselves to gain insight into the nature of each field. Until now, studies in network science have been focused on particular relationships that require varied and sometimes-incompatible datasets, which has kept it from being a truly universal discipline. Computational Network Science seeks to unify the methods used to analyze these diverse fields. This book provides an introduction to the field of Network Science and provides the groundwork for a computational, algorithm-based approach to network and system analysis in a new and important way. This new approach would remove the need for tedious human-based analysis of different datasets and help researchers spend more time on the qualitative aspects of network science research. - Demystifies media hype regarding Network Science and serves as a fast-paced introduction to state-of-the-art concepts and systems related to network science - Comprehensive coverage of Network Science algorithms, methodologies, and common problems - Includes references to formative and updated developments in the field - Coverage spans mathematical sociology, economics, political science, and biological networks
  networks crowds and markets: The Network Reshapes the Library Lorcan Dempsey, 2014-08-18 Since he began posting in 2003, Dempsey has used his blog to explore nearly every important facet of library technology, from the emergence of Web 2.0 as a concept to open source ILS tools and the push to web-scale library management systems.
  networks crowds and markets: Social and Economic Networks Matthew O. Jackson, 2010-11-01 Networks of relationships help determine the careers that people choose, the jobs they obtain, the products they buy, and how they vote. The many aspects of our lives that are governed by social networks make it critical to understand how they impact behavior, which network structures are likely to emerge in a society, and why we organize ourselves as we do. In Social and Economic Networks, Matthew Jackson offers a comprehensive introduction to social and economic networks, drawing on the latest findings in economics, sociology, computer science, physics, and mathematics. He provides empirical background on networks and the regularities that they exhibit, and discusses random graph-based models and strategic models of network formation. He helps readers to understand behavior in networked societies, with a detailed analysis of learning and diffusion in networks, decision making by individuals who are influenced by their social neighbors, game theory and markets on networks, and a host of related subjects. Jackson also describes the varied statistical and modeling techniques used to analyze social networks. Each chapter includes exercises to aid students in their analysis of how networks function. This book is an indispensable resource for students and researchers in economics, mathematics, physics, sociology, and business.
  networks crowds and markets: Twenty Lectures on Algorithmic Game Theory Tim Roughgarden, 2016-09-01 Computer science and economics have engaged in a lively interaction over the past fifteen years, resulting in the new field of algorithmic game theory. Many problems that are central to modern computer science, ranging from resource allocation in large networks to online advertising, involve interactions between multiple self-interested parties. Economics and game theory offer a host of useful models and definitions to reason about such problems. The flow of ideas also travels in the other direction, and concepts from computer science are increasingly important in economics. This book grew out of the author's Stanford University course on algorithmic game theory, and aims to give students and other newcomers a quick and accessible introduction to many of the most important concepts in the field. The book also includes case studies on online advertising, wireless spectrum auctions, kidney exchange, and network management.
  networks crowds and markets: Networked Life Mung Chiang, 2012-09-10 How does the internet really work? This book explains the technology behind it all, in simple question and answer format.
  networks crowds and markets: The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks Yann Bramoullé, Andrea Galeotti, Brian Rogers, 2016-03-01 The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Networks represents the frontier of research into how and why networks they form, how they influence behavior, how they help govern outcomes in an interactive world, and how they shape collective decision making, opinion formation, and diffusion dynamics. From a methodological perspective, the contributors to this volume devote attention to theory, field experiments, laboratory experiments, and econometrics. Theoretical work in network formation, games played on networks, repeated games, and the interaction between linking and behavior is synthesized. A number of chapters are devoted to studying social process mediated by networks. Topics here include opinion formation, diffusion of information and disease, and learning. There are also chapters devoted to financial contagion and systemic risk, motivated in part by the recent financial crises. Another section discusses communities, with applications including social trust, favor exchange, and social collateral; the importance of communities for migration patterns; and the role that networks and communities play in the labor market. A prominent role of networks, from an economic perspective, is that they mediate trade. Several chapters cover bilateral trade in networks, strategic intermediation, and the role of networks in international trade. Contributions discuss as well the role of networks for organizations. On the one hand, one chapter discusses the role of networks for the performance of organizations, while two other chapters discuss managing networks of consumers and pricing in the presence of network-based spillovers. Finally, the authors discuss the internet as a network with attention to the issue of net neutrality.
  networks crowds and markets: Lectures on Network Systems Francesco Bullo, 2018-03-10 These lecture notes provide a mathematical introduction to multi-agent dynamical systems, including their analysis via algebraic graph theory and their application to engineering design problems. The focus is on fundamental dynamical phenomena over interconnected network systems, including consensus and disagreement in averaging systems, stable equilibria in compartmental flow networks, and synchronization in coupled oscillators and networked control systems. The theoretical results are complemented by numerous examples arising from the analysis of physical and natural systems and from the design of network estimation, control, and optimization systems.
  networks crowds and markets: Transparency in Social Media Sorin Adam Matei, Martha G. Russell, Elisa Bertino, 2015-07-22 The volume presents, in a synergistic manner, significant theoretical and practical contributions in the area of social media reputation and authorship measurement, visualization, and modeling. The book justifies and proposes contributions to a future agenda for understanding the requirements for making social media authorship more transparent. Building on work presented in a previous volume of this series, Roles, Trust, and Reputation in Social Media Knowledge Markets, this book discusses new tools, applications, services, and algorithms that are needed for authoring content in a real-time publishing world. These insights may help people who interact and create content through social media better assess their potential for knowledge creation. They may also assist in analyzing audience attitudes, perceptions, and behavior in informal social media or in formal organizational structures. In addition, the volume includes several chapters that analyze the higher order ethical, critical thinking, and philosophical principles that may be used to ground social media authorship. Together, the perspectives presented in this volume help us understand how social media content is created and how its impact can be evaluated. The chapters demonstrate thought leadership through new ways of constructing social media experiences and making traces of social interaction visible. Transparency in Social Media aims to help researchers and practitioners design services, tools, or methods of analysis that encourage a more transparent process of interaction and communication on social media. Knowing who has added what content and with what authority to a specific online social media project can help the user community better understand, evaluate and make decisions and, ultimately, act on the basis of such information.
  networks crowds and markets: Network Science Albert-László Barabási, Márton PÃ3sfai, 2016-07-21 Illustrated throughout in full colour, this pioneering text is the only book you need for an introduction to network science.
  networks crowds and markets: Social Avalanche Christian Borch, 2020-01-09 A compelling account of how crowd dynamics, or social avalanches, are central to cities and financial markets. Just as urban inhabitants are prone to being caught up in the city's flux, the same dynamic can cause traders on financial exchanges and even the algorithms of present-day financial markets to be captured by the maelstrom of the market.
  networks crowds and markets: Markets without Limits Jason F. Brennan, Peter Jaworski, 2015-08-20 May you sell your vote? May you sell your kidney? May gay men pay surrogates to bear them children? May spouses pay each other to watch the kids, do the dishes, or have sex? Should we allow the rich to genetically engineer gifted, beautiful children? Should we allow betting markets on terrorist attacks and natural disasters? Most people shudder at the thought. To put some goods and services for sale offends human dignity. If everything is commodified, then nothing is sacred. The market corrodes our character. Or so most people say. In Markets without Limits, Jason Brennan and Peter Jaworski give markets a fair hearing. The market does not introduce wrongness where there was not any previously. Thus, the authors claim, the question of what rightfully may be bought and sold has a simple answer: if you may do it for free, you may do it for money. Contrary to the conservative consensus, they claim there are no inherent limits to what can be bought and sold, but only restrictions on how we buy and sell.
  networks crowds and markets: Deep Learning on Graphs Yao Ma, Jiliang Tang, 2021-09-23 A comprehensive text on foundations and techniques of graph neural networks with applications in NLP, data mining, vision and healthcare.
  networks crowds and markets: Decision Making in Complex Environments Dr Jan Noyes, Dr Malcolm Cook, Dr Yvonne Masakowski, 2012-10-01 Many complex systems in civil and military operations are highly automated with the intention of supporting human performance in difficult cognitive tasks. The complex systems can involve teams or individuals working on real-time supervisory control, command or information management tasks where a number of constraints must be satisfied. Decision Making in Complex Environments addresses the role of the human, the technology and the processes in complex socio-technical and technological systems. The aim of the book is to apply a multi-disciplinary perspective to the examination of the human factors in complex decision making. It contains more than 30 contributions on key subjects such as military human factors, team decision making issues, situation awareness, and technology support. In addition to the major application area of military human factors there are chapters on business, medical, governmental and aeronautical decision making. The book provides a unique blend of expertise from psychology, human factors, industry, commercial environments, the military, computer science, organizational psychology and training that should be valuable to academics and practitioners alike.
  networks crowds and markets: Social Network Data Analytics Charu C. Aggarwal, 2011-03-18 Social network analysis applications have experienced tremendous advances within the last few years due in part to increasing trends towards users interacting with each other on the internet. Social networks are organized as graphs, and the data on social networks takes on the form of massive streams, which are mined for a variety of purposes. Social Network Data Analytics covers an important niche in the social network analytics field. This edited volume, contributed by prominent researchers in this field, presents a wide selection of topics on social network data mining such as Structural Properties of Social Networks, Algorithms for Structural Discovery of Social Networks and Content Analysis in Social Networks. This book is also unique in focussing on the data analytical aspects of social networks in the internet scenario, rather than the traditional sociology-driven emphasis prevalent in the existing books, which do not focus on the unique data-intensive characteristics of online social networks. Emphasis is placed on simplifying the content so that students and practitioners benefit from this book. This book targets advanced level students and researchers concentrating on computer science as a secondary text or reference book. Data mining, database, information security, electronic commerce and machine learning professionals will find this book a valuable asset, as well as primary associations such as ACM, IEEE and Management Science.
  networks crowds and markets: Critical Mass Philip Ball, 2006-05-16 Are there any laws of nature that influence the ways in which humans behave and organize themselves? In the seventeenth century, tired of the civil war ravaging England, Thomas Hobbes decided that he would work out what kind of government was needed for a stable society. His approach was based not on utopian wishful thinking but rather on Galileo's mechanics to construct a theory of government from first principles. His solution is unappealing to today's society, yet Hobbes had sparked a new way of thinking about human behavior in looking for the scientific rules of society. Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte, and John Stuart Mill pursued this idea from different political perspectives. Little by little, however, social and political philosophy abandoned a scientific approach. Today, physics is enjoying a revival in the social, political and economic sciences. Ball shows how much we can understand of human behavior when we cease to try to predict and analyze the behavior of individuals and instead look to the impact of individual decisions-whether in circumstances of cooperation or conflict-can have on our laws, institutions and customs. Lively and compelling, Critical Mass is the first book to bring these new ideas together and to show how they fit within the broader historical context of a rational search for better ways to live.
  networks crowds and markets: Graph Mining Deepayan Chakrabarti, Christos Faloutsos, 2012-10-01 What does the Web look like? How can we find patterns, communities, outliers, in a social network? Which are the most central nodes in a network? These are the questions that motivate this work. Networks and graphs appear in many diverse settings, for example in social networks, computer-communication networks (intrusion detection, traffic management), protein-protein interaction networks in biology, document-text bipartite graphs in text retrieval, person-account graphs in financial fraud detection, and others. In this work, first we list several surprising patterns that real graphs tend to follow. Then we give a detailed list of generators that try to mirror these patterns. Generators are important, because they can help with what if scenarios, extrapolations, and anonymization. Then we provide a list of powerful tools for graph analysis, and specifically spectral methods (Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)), tensors, and case studies like the famous pageRank algorithm and the HITS algorithm for ranking web search results. Finally, we conclude with a survey of tools and observations from related fields like sociology, which provide complementary viewpoints. Table of Contents: Introduction / Patterns in Static Graphs / Patterns in Evolving Graphs / Patterns in Weighted Graphs / Discussion: The Structure of Specific Graphs / Discussion: Power Laws and Deviations / Summary of Patterns / Graph Generators / Preferential Attachment and Variants / Incorporating Geographical Information / The RMat / Graph Generation by Kronecker Multiplication / Summary and Practitioner's Guide / SVD, Random Walks, and Tensors / Tensors / Community Detection / Influence/Virus Propagation and Immunization / Case Studies / Social Networks / Other Related Work / Conclusions
  networks crowds and markets: Networks of Outrage and Hope Manuel Castells, 2015-06-04 Networks of Outrage and Hope is an exploration of the new forms of social movements and protests that are erupting in the world today, from the Arab uprisings to the indignadas movement in Spain, from the Occupy Wall Street movement to the social protests in Turkey, Brazil and elsewhere. While these and similar social movements differ in many important ways, there is one thing they share in common: they are all interwoven inextricably with the creation of autonomous communication networks supported by the Internet and wireless communication. In this new edition of his timely and important book, Manuel Castells examines the social, cultural and political roots of these new social movements, studies their innovative forms of self-organization, assesses the precise role of technology in the dynamics of the movements, suggests the reasons for the support they have found in large segments of society, and probes their capacity to induce political change by influencing people’s minds. Two new chapters bring the analysis up-to-date and draw out the implications of these social movements and protests for understanding the new forms of social change and political democracy in the global network society.
  networks crowds and markets: High-frequency Trading David Easley, Marcos López de Prado, Maureen O'Hara, 2013-09-30
  networks crowds and markets: Society and Economy Mark Granovetter, 2017-02-27 A work of exceptional ambition by the founder of modern economic sociology, this first full account of Mark Granovetter’s ideas stresses that the economy is not a sphere separate from other human activities but is deeply embedded in social relations and subject to the same emotions, ideas, and constraints as religion, science, politics, or law.
  networks crowds and markets: Link Mining: Models, Algorithms, and Applications Philip S. Yu, Jiawei Han, Christos Faloutsos, 2010-09-16 This book offers detailed surveys and systematic discussion of models, algorithms and applications for link mining, focusing on theory and technique, and related applications: text mining, social network analysis, collaborative filtering and bioinformatics.
  networks crowds and markets: Random Graphs and Complex Networks Remco van der Hofstad, 2017 This classroom-tested text is the definitive introduction to the mathematics of network science, featuring examples and numerous exercises.
  networks crowds and markets: Biplots in Practice Michael J. Greenacre, 2010 Este libro explica las aplicaciones específicas y las interpretaciones del biplot en muchas áreas del análisis multivariante. regresión, modelos lineales generalizados, análisis de componentes principales, análisis de correspondencias y análisis discriminante.
  networks crowds and markets: Statistical Analysis of Network Data Eric D. Kolaczyk, 2009-04-20 In recent years there has been an explosion of network data – that is, measu- ments that are either of or from a system conceptualized as a network – from se- ingly all corners of science. The combination of an increasingly pervasive interest in scienti c analysis at a systems level and the ever-growing capabilities for hi- throughput data collection in various elds has fueled this trend. Researchers from biology and bioinformatics to physics, from computer science to the information sciences, and from economics to sociology are more and more engaged in the c- lection and statistical analysis of data from a network-centric perspective. Accordingly, the contributions to statistical methods and modeling in this area have come from a similarly broad spectrum of areas, often independently of each other. Many books already have been written addressing network data and network problems in speci c individual disciplines. However, there is at present no single book that provides a modern treatment of a core body of knowledge for statistical analysis of network data that cuts across the various disciplines and is organized rather according to a statistical taxonomy of tasks and techniques. This book seeks to ll that gap and, as such, it aims to contribute to a growing trend in recent years to facilitate the exchange of knowledge across the pre-existing boundaries between those disciplines that play a role in what is coming to be called ‘network science.
  networks crowds and markets: A First Course in Network Science Filippo Menczer, Santo Fortunato, Clayton A. Davis, 2020-01-30 A practical introduction to network science for students across business, cognitive science, neuroscience, sociology, biology, engineering and other disciplines.
  networks crowds and markets: Behind Deep Blue Feng-hsiung Hsu, 2022-05-03 The riveting quest to construct the machine that would take on the world’s greatest human chess player—told by the man who built it On May 11, 1997, millions worldwide heard news of a stunning victory, as a machine defeated the defending world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. Behind Deep Blue tells the inside story of the quest to create the mother of all chess machines and what happened at the two historic Deep Blue vs. Kasparov matches. Feng-hsiung Hsu, the system architect of Deep Blue, reveals how a modest student project started at Carnegie Mellon in 1985 led to the production of a multimillion-dollar supercomputer. Hsu discusses the setbacks, tensions, and rivalries in the race to develop the ultimate chess machine, and the wild controversies that culminated in the final triumph over the world's greatest human player. With a new foreword by Jon Kleinberg and a new preface from the author, Behind Deep Blue offers a remarkable look at one of the most famous advances in artificial intelligence, and the brilliant toolmaker who invented it.
  networks crowds and markets: The Science of Science Dashun Wang, Albert-László Barabási, 2021-03-25 This is the first comprehensive overview of the exciting field of the 'science of science'. With anecdotes and detailed, easy-to-follow explanations of the research, this book is accessible to all scientists, policy makers, and administrators with an interest in the wider scientific enterprise.
  networks crowds and markets: Social Network Analysis Christina Prell, 2011-10-26 We live in a world that is paradoxically both small and vast; each of us is embedded in local communities and yet we are only a few 'links' away from anyone else in the world. This engaging book represents these interdependencies' positive and negative consequences, their multiple effects and the ways in which a local occurrence in one part of the world can directly affect the rest. Then it demonstrates precisely how these interactions and relationships form. This is a book for the social network novice learning how to study, think about and analyse social networks; the intermediate user, not yet familiar with some of the newer developments in the field; and the teacher looking for a range of exercises, as well as an up-to-date historical account of the field. It is divided into three clear sections: 1. historical & Background Concepts 2. Levels of Analysis 3. Advances, Extensions and Conclusions The book provides a full overview of the field - historical origins, common theoretical perspectives and frameworks; traditional and current analytical procedures and fundamental mathematical equations needed to get a foothold in the field. Available with Perusall—an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective. Learn more.
  networks crowds and markets: Trading Against the Crowd John F. Summa, 2004-10-27 Efficient market theorists contend that markets are random and thus not predictable. With the publication of Trading Against theCrowd, however, noted author, economist, and professional trader John Summa convincingly shows that investor sentiment can be incorporated into profitable stock and stock market trading systems. In this groundbreaking book, Summa explains how to use popular gauges of crowd psychology, such as put/call ratios, option-implied volatility, short sales, investor surveys, and advisory opinion to trade against, or contrary to, prevailing market sentiment. He also makes compelling arguments against the efficient markets hypothesis with the presentation of his own quantitative weekly bear and bull news-flow intensity indices, which he builds from news scans. This data series, and other popular measures of crowd psychology, are processed through custom indicators that are programmed into profitable trading systems, such as Squeeze Play I & II, Tsunami Sentiment Wave, and the Fourth Estate. Trading Against the Crowd is the first book to provide a comprehensive assessment of investor crowd psychology, offering valuable market timing tools and trading techniques, including: MetaStock and Trade Station system and custom indicator code; comparative statistical studies of CBOE, OEX, and equity-only put/call ratios; straightforward instructions for combining price triggers with sentiment indicators; a practical guide to understanding put/call ratios, short sales, investor surveys, newsletter opinion, and stock market news-flow intensity; how to use LEAP options as trading vehicles to avoid use of stop loss orders; use of put/call ratios for trading the Treasury bond futures market; and test results and evaluation of trading system performance. Many of today’s professional money managers rely on investor sentiment for improved market timing. They know that at extremes of market sentiment, markets tend to be the most predictable.Trading Against the Crowd shows how you can begin to profit from these short- to medium-term sentiment waves generated by the actions of the speculative crowd. Put into practice powerful sentiment data using thoroughly back-tested trading systems, and rise above the herd mentality of the investor crowd, where potentially large profits await.
  networks crowds and markets: A Beautiful Math Tom Siegfried, 2006-09-21 Millions have seen the movie and thousands have read the book but few have fully appreciated the mathematics developed by John Nash's beautiful mind. Today Nash's beautiful math has become a universal language for research in the social sciences and has infiltrated the realms of evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and even quantum physics. John Nash won the 1994 Nobel Prize in economics for pioneering research published in the 1950s on a new branch of mathematics known as game theory. At the time of Nash's early work, game theory was briefly popular among some mathematicians and Cold War analysts. But it remained obscure until the 1970s when evolutionary biologists began applying it to their work. In the 1980s economists began to embrace game theory. Since then it has found an ever expanding repertoire of applications among a wide range of scientific disciplines. Today neuroscientists peer into game players' brains, anthropologists play games with people from primitive cultures, biologists use games to explain the evolution of human language, and mathematicians exploit games to better understand social networks. A common thread connecting much of this research is its relevance to the ancient quest for a science of human social behavior, or a Code of Nature, in the spirit of the fictional science of psychohistory described in the famous Foundation novels by the late Isaac Asimov. In A Beautiful Math, acclaimed science writer Tom Siegfried describes how game theory links the life sciences, social sciences, and physical sciences in a way that may bring Asimov's dream closer to reality.
  networks crowds and markets: Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL Derek Hansen, Ben Shneiderman, Marc A. Smith, 2010-09-14 Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXL offers backgrounds in information studies, computer science, and sociology. This book is divided into three parts: analyzing social media, NodeXL tutorial, and social-media network analysis case studies. Part I provides background in the history and concepts of social media and social networks. Also included here is social network analysis, which flows from measuring, to mapping, and modeling collections of connections. The next part focuses on the detailed operation of the free and open-source NodeXL extension of Microsoft Excel, which is used in all exercises throughout this book. In the final part, each chapter presents one form of social media, such as e-mail, Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, and Youtube. In addition, there are descriptions of each system, the nature of networks when people interact, and types of analysis for identifying people, documents, groups, and events. - Walks you through NodeXL, while explaining the theory and development behind each step, providing takeaways that can apply to any SNA - Demonstrates how visual analytics research can be applied to SNA tools for the mass market - Includes case studies from researchers who use NodeXL on popular networks like email, Facebook, Twitter, and wikis - Download companion materials and resources at https://nodexl.codeplex.com/documentation
  networks crowds and markets: Community detection and mining in social media Lei Tang, Huan Liu, 2022-06-01 The past decade has witnessed the emergence of participatory Web and social media, bringing people together in many creative ways. Millions of users are playing, tagging, working, and socializing online, demonstrating new forms of collaboration, communication, and intelligence that were hardly imaginable just a short time ago. Social media also helps reshape business models, sway opinions and emotions, and opens up numerous possibilities to study human interaction and collective behavior in an unparalleled scale. This lecture, from a data mining perspective, introduces characteristics of social media, reviews representative tasks of computing with social media, and illustrates associated challenges. It introduces basic concepts, presents state-of-the-art algorithms with easy-to-understand examples, and recommends effective evaluation methods. In particular, we discuss graph-based community detection techniques and many important extensions that handle dynamic, heterogeneous networks in social media. We also demonstrate how discovered patterns of communities can be used for social media mining. The concepts, algorithms, and methods presented in this lecture can help harness the power of social media and support building socially-intelligent systems. This book is an accessible introduction to the study of \emph{community detection and mining in social media}. It is an essential reading for students, researchers, and practitioners in disciplines and applications where social media is a key source of data that piques our curiosity to understand, manage, innovate, and excel. This book is supported by additional materials, including lecture slides, the complete set of figures, key references, some toy data sets used in the book, and the source code of representative algorithms. The readers are encouraged to visit the book website for the latest information. Table of Contents: Social Media and Social Computing / Nodes, Ties, and Influence / Community Detection and Evaluation / Communities in Heterogeneous Networks / Social Media Mining
  networks crowds and markets: Walk Through Combinatorics, A: An Introduction To Enumeration And Graph Theory (Third Edition) Miklos Bona, 2011-05-09 This is a textbook for an introductory combinatorics course lasting one or two semesters. An extensive list of problems, ranging from routine exercises to research questions, is included. In each section, there are also exercises that contain material not explicitly discussed in the preceding text, so as to provide instructors with extra choices if they want to shift the emphasis of their course.Just as with the first two editions, the new edition walks the reader through the classic parts of combinatorial enumeration and graph theory, while also discussing some recent progress in the area: on the one hand, providing material that will help students learn the basic techniques, and on the other hand, showing that some questions at the forefront of research are comprehensible and accessible to the talented and hardworking undergraduate. The basic topics discussed are: the twelvefold way, cycles in permutations, the formula of inclusion and exclusion, the notion of graphs and trees, matchings, Eulerian and Hamiltonian cycles, and planar graphs.The selected advanced topics are: Ramsey theory, pattern avoidance, the probabilistic method, partially ordered sets, the theory of designs (new to this edition), enumeration under group action (new to this edition), generating functions of labeled and unlabeled structures and algorithms and complexity.As the goal of the book is to encourage students to learn more combinatorics, every effort has been made to provide them with a not only useful, but also enjoyable and engaging reading.The Solution Manual is available upon request for all instructors who adopt this book as a course text. Please send your request to sales@wspc.com.
  networks crowds and markets: Raspberry Pi Networking Cookbook Richard Golden, Rick Golden, 2013 Written in an accessible yet practical manner, the Raspberry Pi Networking Cookbook is the perfect companion guide for the ARM GNU/Linux box. From the moment you get your hands on your Raspberry Pi you can start to build your understanding with our specially selected collection of recipes. This book is for anybody who wants to learn how they can utilize the Raspberry Pi to its full potential without having to immediately dive into programming. It's full of step-by-step instructions and detailed descriptions in language that is appropriate for computer enthusiasts and experts alike.
  networks crowds and markets: Network Theory and Agent-Based Modeling in Economics and Finance Anindya S. Chakrabarti, Lukáš Pichl, Taisei Kaizoji, 2019-10-23 This book presents the latest findings on network theory and agent-based modeling of economic and financial phenomena. In this context, the economy is depicted as a complex system consisting of heterogeneous agents that interact through evolving networks; the aggregate behavior of the economy arises out of billions of small-scale interactions that take place via countless economic agents. The book focuses on analytical modeling, and on the econometric and statistical analysis of the properties emerging from microscopic interactions. In particular, it highlights the latest empirical and theoretical advances, helping readers understand economic and financial networks, as well as new work on modeling behavior using rich, agent-based frameworks. Innovatively, the book combines observational and theoretical insights in the form of networks and agent-based models, both of which have proved to be extremely valuable in understanding non-linear and evolving complex systems. Given its scope, the book will capture the interest of graduate students and researchers from various disciplines (e.g. economics, computer science, physics, and applied mathematics) whose work involves the domain of complexity theory.
  networks crowds and markets: The Development of Social Network Analysis Linton C. Freeman, 2004 Ideas about social structure and social networks are very old. People have always believed that biological and social links among individuals are important. But it wasn't until the early 1930s that systematic research that explored the patterning of social ties linking individuals emerged. And it emerged, not once, but several times in several different social science fields and in several places. This book reviews these developments and explores the social processes that wove all these schools of network analysis together into a single coherent approach.