How To Solve Overcrowding In Prisons

How to Solve Overcrowding in Prisons: A Multi-Faceted Approach

Introduction:

The sight of overflowing prisons, crammed with inmates beyond their designed capacity, is a stark reality in many countries worldwide. This isn't just a logistical problem; it's a humanitarian crisis fueling violence, disease, and hindering effective rehabilitation. Overcrowded prisons cost taxpayers more, perpetuate cycles of crime, and undermine the very purpose of incarceration: public safety and reform. This article delves into the complex issue of prison overcrowding, offering a comprehensive analysis of its causes and presenting a multifaceted approach to effective solutions. We'll explore policy changes, innovative programs, and technological advancements that can significantly alleviate this persistent problem. Prepare to understand the multifaceted nature of this challenge and discover actionable steps toward a more humane and effective correctional system.


1. Addressing the Root Causes of Incarceration:

Overcrowding is a symptom, not the disease. Before implementing solutions, we must tackle the factors driving mass incarceration. This includes:

Tougher Sentencing Laws: Mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines and "three-strikes" laws often lead to lengthy prison terms for non-violent offenses, contributing significantly to overcrowding. Reformulating sentencing guidelines to focus on rehabilitation and proportionality is crucial.
Lack of Access to Mental Health and Addiction Services: Many incarcerated individuals suffer from untreated mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders. Investing in pre-trial diversion programs, in-prison treatment facilities, and community-based support systems can reduce recidivism and the prison population.
Poverty and Systemic Inequality: Socioeconomic disparities disproportionately affect minority communities, leading to higher arrest and conviction rates. Addressing systemic inequalities through education, job training, and affordable housing initiatives is crucial in preventing future incarceration.
Ineffective Policing Practices: Bias in policing, coupled with inadequate training in de-escalation techniques, contributes to unnecessary arrests and incarceration. Implementing community-oriented policing strategies and promoting accountability within law enforcement are vital steps.


2. Expanding Alternatives to Incarceration:

The justice system needs to explore and broaden alternative sentencing options:

Increased Use of Probation and Parole: Stricter supervision and tailored support systems for those on probation or parole can reduce recidivism and prevent re-incarceration.
Diversion Programs: These programs channel individuals with non-violent offenses, substance abuse issues, or mental health problems into treatment and community service rather than prison.
Drug Courts and Mental Health Courts: Specialized courts provide tailored support and supervision for offenders with substance abuse or mental health disorders, offering a path to recovery outside the prison system.
Electronic Monitoring: Technological advancements in monitoring devices allow for increased supervision of offenders in the community, reducing the need for incarceration.


3. Improving Prison Management and Infrastructure:

Efficient management and updated infrastructure play a crucial role:

Improved Prison Design and Construction: Building modern, modular facilities that can adapt to changing needs is more cost-effective than constantly expanding overcrowded prisons. Focus should be on creating humane and safe environments conducive to rehabilitation.
Enhanced Staff Training and Resources: Well-trained and adequately resourced prison staff are crucial for maintaining order, providing rehabilitation programs, and reducing violence. This includes addressing staff shortages and providing training in conflict resolution and de-escalation techniques.
Data-Driven Decision Making: Utilizing data analytics to identify high-risk individuals, predict recidivism, and optimize resource allocation can lead to more effective and efficient prison management.


4. Focusing on Rehabilitation and Reintegration:

The core purpose of incarceration should be rehabilitation:

Enhanced Educational and Vocational Programs: Providing access to quality education and job training equips inmates with the skills they need to find employment upon release, reducing the likelihood of recidivism.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment: Comprehensive treatment programs, both in prison and post-release, are essential for addressing the underlying issues contributing to criminal behavior.
Strengthening Community Support Systems: Providing support networks, including housing, job placement assistance, and mental health services, upon release is vital for successful reintegration into society.
Restorative Justice Programs: These programs focus on repairing the harm caused by crime through mediation and reconciliation between offenders and victims, promoting healing and reducing the need for incarceration.


5. Legislative and Policy Reforms:

Significant policy changes are needed:

Sentencing Reform: Reforming mandatory minimum sentencing laws and promoting individualized sentencing based on the specific circumstances of the crime and the offender can significantly reduce prison populations.
Investment in Prevention Programs: Proactive measures, such as early childhood intervention programs, youth mentoring initiatives, and community development projects, can address the root causes of crime and reduce the likelihood of future incarceration.
Increased Transparency and Accountability: Regular audits, independent oversight, and data transparency can help ensure that correctional systems are operating efficiently and effectively.


Article Outline: How to Solve Overcrowding in Prisons

Name: A Multifaceted Approach to Addressing Prison Overcrowding

Outline:

Introduction: Defining the problem and outlining the article's scope.
Chapter 1: Root Causes of Incarceration (tougher sentencing, lack of services, inequality, policing).
Chapter 2: Alternatives to Incarceration (probation, parole, diversion programs, electronic monitoring).
Chapter 3: Improving Prison Management (design, staff training, data-driven decision making).
Chapter 4: Rehabilitation and Reintegration (education, treatment, community support, restorative justice).
Chapter 5: Legislative and Policy Reforms (sentencing reform, prevention, transparency).
Conclusion: Summarizing key findings and emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach.


(The content above expands upon this detailed outline.)


9 Unique FAQs:

1. Q: What is the biggest contributor to prison overcrowding? A: While various factors contribute, excessively harsh sentencing laws and a lack of adequate treatment for mental health and addiction issues are major contributors.

2. Q: Are private prisons contributing to overcrowding? A: The role of private prisons in overcrowding is complex and debated, with some arguing they incentivize higher incarceration rates.

3. Q: How can technology help solve prison overcrowding? A: Electronic monitoring, data analytics for risk assessment, and improved communication systems can all alleviate overcrowding.

4. Q: What is restorative justice, and how does it impact prison populations? A: Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm and reconciliation, potentially reducing the need for incarceration.

5. Q: What role does community involvement play in reducing prison overcrowding? A: Community support systems for released inmates, along with preventative programs, are crucial for successful reintegration and reducing recidivism.

6. Q: How does addressing systemic inequality help reduce prison overcrowding? A: Addressing poverty, lack of education, and unequal access to opportunities reduces the likelihood of criminal behavior.

7. Q: What are the financial implications of prison overcrowding? A: Overcrowding leads to higher costs for healthcare, security, and infrastructure.

8. Q: What are some examples of successful diversion programs? A: Drug courts, mental health courts, and community service programs demonstrate effective diversion from incarceration.

9. Q: What is the long-term impact of prison overcrowding on society? A: It perpetuates cycles of crime, increases healthcare costs, and undermines public safety.


9 Related Articles:

1. The Impact of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing on Prison Overcrowding: Examines the correlation between harsh sentencing laws and prison population growth.
2. The Role of Mental Health in the Criminal Justice System: Explores the link between untreated mental illness and incarceration.
3. Effective Strategies for Prison Rehabilitation and Reintegration: Discusses successful programs focused on improving inmate outcomes.
4. Alternatives to Incarceration: A Comprehensive Review: Analyzes various alternatives to prison, including probation, parole, and community-based programs.
5. The Economics of Prison Overcrowding: A Cost-Benefit Analysis: Examines the financial implications of prison overcrowding on taxpayers.
6. The Ethics of Mass Incarceration: A Critical Perspective: Offers a philosophical examination of the moral implications of high incarceration rates.
7. The Use of Technology in Modern Correctional Facilities: Explores how technology can enhance prison management and improve rehabilitation efforts.
8. Community-Based Corrections: A Path Towards Reducing Incarceration: Focuses on the role of community involvement in reducing prison populations.
9. Restorative Justice Practices: An Effective Alternative to Traditional Punishment: Details the principles and applications of restorative justice in reducing crime and incarceration.


  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Tackling Prison Overcrowding Hough, Mike, Allen, Rob, Enver Solomon, 2008-10-22 Tackling Prison Overcrowding is a response to controversial proposals and sentencing set out in by Lord Patrick Carter's review of prisons, published in 2007. This book comprises nine chapters by leading academic experts, who expose the proposals of the Carter Review to critical scrutiny. They take the Carter Report to task for construing the problems too narrowly, in terms of efficiency and economy, and for failing to understand the wider issues of justice that need addressing. They argue that the crisis of prison overcrowding is first and foremost a political problem - arising from penal populism - for which political solutions need to be found.--BOOK JACKET.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Health and Incarceration National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on the Health of Select Populations, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration, 2013-08-08 Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Problem of Prison Overcrowding and Its Impact on the Criminal Justice System United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Penitentiaries and Corrections, 1978
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Inside Private Prisons Lauren-Brooke Eisen, 2017-11-07 When the tough-on-crime politics of the 1980s overcrowded state prisons, private companies saw potential profit in building and operating correctional facilities. Today more than a hundred thousand of the 1.5 million incarcerated Americans are held in private prisons in twenty-nine states and federal corrections. Private prisons are criticized for making money off mass incarceration—to the tune of $5 billion in annual revenue. Based on Lauren-Brooke Eisen’s work as a prosecutor, journalist, and attorney at policy think tanks, Inside Private Prisons blends investigative reportage and quantitative and historical research to analyze privatized corrections in America. From divestment campaigns to boardrooms to private immigration-detention centers across the Southwest, Eisen examines private prisons through the eyes of inmates, their families, correctional staff, policymakers, activists, Immigration and Customs Enforcement employees, undocumented immigrants, and the executives of America’s largest private prison corporations. Private prisons have become ground zero in the anti-mass-incarceration movement. Universities have divested from these companies, political candidates hesitate to accept their campaign donations, and the Department of Justice tried to phase out its contracts with them. On the other side, impoverished rural towns often try to lure the for-profit prison industry to build facilities and create new jobs. Neither an endorsement or a demonization, Inside Private Prisons details the complicated and perverse incentives rooted in the industry, from mandatory bed occupancy to vested interests in mass incarceration. If private prisons are here to stay, how can we fix them? This book is a blueprint for policymakers to reform practices and for concerned citizens to understand our changing carceral landscape.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Bail Book Shima Baradaran Baughman, 2018 Examines the causes for mass incarceration of Americans and calls for the reform of the bail system. Traces the history of bail, how it has come to be an oppressive tool of the courts, and makes recommendations for reforming the bail system and alleviating the mass incarceration problem.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: More Than Money is Needed to Solve Problems Faced by State and Local Corrections Agencies United States. General Accounting Office, 1981
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: A Second Look at Alleviating Jail Crowding , 2000
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Handbook on Prisons Yvonne Jewkes, Ben Crewe, Jamie Bennett, 2016-02-23 The second edition of the Handbook on Prisons provides a completely revised and updated collection of essays on a wide range of topics concerning prisons and imprisonment. Bringing together three of the leading prison scholars in the UK as editors, this new volume builds on the success of the first edition and reveals the range and depth of prison scholarship around the world. The Handbook contains chapters written not only by those who have established and developed prison research, but also features contributions from ex-prisoners, prison governors and ex-governors, prison inspectors and others who have worked with prisoners in a wide range of professional capacities. This second edition includes several completely new chapters on topics as diverse as prison design, technology in prisons, the high security estate, therapeutic communities, prisons and desistance, supermax and solitary confinement, plus a brand new section on international perspectives. The Handbook aims to convey the reality of imprisonment, and to reflect the main issues and debates surrounding prisons and prisoners, while also providing novel ways of thinking about familiar penal problems and enhancing our theoretical understanding of imprisonment. The Handbook on Prisons, Second edition is a key text for students taking courses in prisons, penology, criminal justice, criminology and related subjects, and is also an essential reference for academics and practitioners working in the prison service, or in related agencies, who need up-to-date knowledge of thinking on prisons and imprisonment.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners Committee on Ethical Considerations for Revisions to DHHS Regulations for Protection of Prisoners Involved in Research, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, 2007-01-22 In the past 30 years, the population of prisoners in the United States has expanded almost 5-fold, correctional facilities are increasingly overcrowded, and more of the country's disadvantaged populations—racial minorities, women, people with mental illness, and people with communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis—are under correctional supervision. Because prisoners face restrictions on liberty and autonomy, have limited privacy, and often receive inadequate health care, they require specific protections when involved in research, particularly in today's correctional settings. Given these issues, the Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Human Research Protections commissioned the Institute of Medicine to review the ethical considerations regarding research involving prisoners. The resulting analysis contained in this book, Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners, emphasizes five broad actions to provide prisoners involved in research with critically important protections: • expand the definition of prisoner; • ensure universally and consistently applied standards of protection; • shift from a category-based to a risk-benefit approach to research review; • update the ethical framework to include collaborative responsibility; and • enhance systematic oversight of research involving prisoners.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Promoting Inmate Rehabilitation and Successful Release Planning United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, 2008
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes Yvon Dandurand, Curt Taylor Griffiths, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2006 The present handbook offers, in a quick reference format, an overview of key considerations in the implementation of participatory responses to crime based on a restorative justice approach. Its focus is on a range of measures and programmes, inspired by restorative justice values, that are flexible in their adaptation to criminal justice systems and that complement them while taking into account varying legal, social and cultural circumstances. It was prepared for the use of criminal justice officials, non-governmental organizations and community groups who are working together to improve current responses to crime and conflict in their community
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Prison Suicides and Overcrowding Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Home Affairs Committee, 2006-02-22 Prison suicides and Overcrowding : Oral and written evidence, Tuesday 8 November 2005, Ms Frances Crook, Ms Pauline Campbell, Ms Deborah Coles, Ms Juliet Lyon and Mr Geoff Dobson; Rt Hon Baroness Scotland of Asthal QC, Ms Christine Knott, Mr Phil Wheatley
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The G.A.O Journal , 1989
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Downsizing Prisons Michael Jacobson, 2006-09 There is a better path, and this book shows us how to find that new direction. --Los Angeles TimesDownsizing Prisons offers an innovative approach to reducing the strain on America's overcrowded prisons: namely, by fixing the dysfunctional parole systems in states around the country. . . . Jacobson's book comes at exactly the right time. --Mother JonesPolicy wonks, journalists, elected officials and students of criminal justice will find the arguments and data in this book worth grappling with. --New York NewsdayShould be read by the public and used by policy makers. Essential. --ChoiceDownsizing Prisons explains not only why current incarceration policy is not working, but what we can do about it. Michael Jacobson's blueprint provides an overview of a pragmatic strategy that can reduce the size of our bloated prison system while improving prospects for public safety. -- Marc Mauer, author of Race to IncarcerateA very timely book, offering a unique and important perspective on a topic of widespread concern. --David Garland, author of The Culture of ControlIn this excellent book, Michael Jacobson addresses one of the most important problems facing our society today, our bloated prisons. He traces their growth, the unintended consequences of this excessive punitive development and examines 'the new reality' of managing the hundreds of new, overcrowded prisons. He also demonstrates that this expansion has done nothing to reduce crime. --John Irwin, author of The FelonMichael Jacobson's excellent book combines the hands-on experience of a seasoned policy practitioner with a researcher's keen sense of the political and economic climate in which criminal justice policy isformed. --Bruce Western, co-editor of Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass IncarcerationOver
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Issues in American Political Life Robert Thobaben, Charles Funderburk, Donna Schlagheck, 2015-07-02 A core text for undergraduate courses in American Public Policy, or supplemental reading in such courses as Introduction to American Government or Politics, American Public Policy Analysis, Introduction to Political Science. A substantive alternative to typical issues texts-which cover too many issues, too superficially-this intriguing and comprehensive text offers a more in-depth and coherent approach to contemporary policy problems and solutions. It provides a conceptual framework in which students can become comfortable actually doing policy analysis, and in learning skills beyond reading about certain political issues. Thematically organized, it looks at nine specific issues grouped into three broad categories that hold an enduring importance in American political life-money and politics, violence and politics, and biology and politics. All nine chapters and their respective topics (campaigns, corruption, welfare, crime, terrorism, arms control, the environment, biomedical issues, and biotechnology) have a strong conceptual base with current political dimensions and policy concerns woven throughout. Students not only learn the context, status, and prospects of issues confronting the U.S. government, but also see how these issues now cross our domestic borders into a global realm.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Attorney General's Survey of Release Procedures United States. Department of Justice, 1939
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Attorney General's Survey of Release Procedures: Parole United States. Department of Justice, 1939 1. Digest of federal and state laws on release pocedures.--2. Probation.--3. Pardon.--4. Parole.--5. Prisons.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Prisons and Crime in Latin America Marcelo Bergman, Gustavo Fondevila, 2021-03-11 Rather than reducing criminality, prisons in Latin America drive crime by creating the conditions for its growth.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Cutting Crime Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Justice Committee, 2010 Incorporating HC 425-i-x, session 2007-08 and HC 54-i-iii, session 2008-09. For Vol. 1, see (ISBN 9780215543080)
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: American Corrections Barry Krisberg, Susan Marchionna, Christopher Hartney, 2014-09-19 American Corrections: Concepts and Controversies, by Barry Krisberg, Susan Marchionna, and Chris Hartney, presents an incisive view of every aspect of corrections (including jails, probation, sentencing, prisons, and parole), prompting students to think critically about the complex issues involved in responding to the current crisis in the U.S. correctional system. Incorporating theory, research, and the most recent available data, the book takes a contemporary and issues-oriented approach as it explores the most interesting and progressive developments in correctional policy and practice. Students will come away with practical knowledge, as well as a framework for thoughtful analysis of a subject that can seem mysterious or impenetrable. In addition, the book covers subjects many corrections texts treat only minimally, including women in corrections, the death penalty, and special populations. Perhaps most importantly, the book offers a point of view on what is plaguing the American correctional system and a realistic look at the solutions that offer real promise.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Growth of Incarceration in the United States Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration, Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, 2014-12-31 After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Governing States and Localities Kevin B. Smith, Alan Greenblatt, 2021-10-08 Winner of the 2022 Textbook & Academic Authors Association′s The McGuffey Longevity Award From the implications of Donald Trump’s presidency on intergovernmental relations to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on state-federal relations, the Eighth Edition of Governing States and Localities introduces students to the most recent challenges, developments, and political changes impacting state and local politics. Employing a comparative approach, bestselling authors Kevin B. Smith and Alan Greenblatt illustrate the similarities and differences in the way state and local governments operate to show students the real-world application of policy and politics. Following a crisp journalistic style with magazine-quality graphics and top-ten takeaways per chapter that keep students engaged, this edition provides a comprehensive introduction to state and local governments that is easily accessible to undergraduates in a variety of majors. Digital Option / Courseware SAGE Vantage is an intuitive digital platform that delivers this text’s content and course materials in a learning experience that offers auto-graded assignments and interactive multimedia tools, all carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. Built with you and your students in mind, it offers simple course set-up and enables students to better prepare for class. Assignable Video with Assessment Assignable video (available with SAGE Vantage) is tied to learning objectives and curated exclusively for this text to bring concepts to life. LMS Cartridge: Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don’t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Building the Prison State Heather Schoenfeld, 2018-02-19 The United States incarcerates more people per capita than any other industrialized nation in the world—about 1 in 100 adults, or more than 2 million people—while national spending on prisons has catapulted 400 percent. Given the vast racial disparities in incarceration, the prison system also reinforces race and class divisions. How and why did we become the world’s leading jailer? And what can we, as a society, do about it? Reframing the story of mass incarceration, Heather Schoenfeld illustrates how the unfinished task of full equality for African Americans led to a series of policy choices that expanded the government’s power to punish, even as they were designed to protect individuals from arbitrary state violence. Examining civil rights protests, prison condition lawsuits, sentencing reforms, the War on Drugs, and the rise of conservative Tea Party politics, Schoenfeld explains why politicians veered from skepticism of prisons to an embrace of incarceration as the appropriate response to crime. To reduce the number of people behind bars, Schoenfeld argues that we must transform the political incentives for imprisonment and develop a new ideological basis for punishment.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: South Africa Recent Economic and Political Developments Yearbook - Strategic Information and Developments IBP, Inc., 2018-03-31 2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. South Africa Recent Economic and Political Developments Yearbook
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: High Risk Elaine M. Howle, 2010-06 Three issues have been added to the high-risk list: (1) The budget. The State has experienced ongoing deficits that greatly outweigh any surpluses, and much of the implemented solutions have only pushed the problem into the future; (2) The admin. of the $85.4 billion the State expects to receive under the Amer. Recovery and Reinvest. Act of 2009. Certain state agencies¿ internal controls over their admin.of fed. programs have had problems; (3) The production and delivery of electricity. The State is at risk of failing to meet targets to increase the use of renewable electricity sources, and new power plant construction may be offset by the need to replace environmentally harmful and aging plants in the near future. Illustrations.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Slumber Party from Hell Sue Ellen Allen, 2010-08 What happens to a successful woman when her world falls apart and she is faced with betrayal, breast cancer, and prison? What happens when her pain Is unimaginable and her choices look bleak. When all this happened to Sue Ellen Allen, she chose to turn her pain into power. The death of Gina, her young roommate, coupled with an atmosphere of darkness and negativity, led her to find her passion and purpose behind the bars. Her experience of cancer, prison, and Gina s death is an inspirational story of courage, wisdom, and choices.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Prisoners' World William S. Tregea, Marjorie S. Larmour, 2009-03-16 Drawing on twenty-five years of teaching prison college and volunteer classes in eleven Michigan and California prisons, The Prisoners' World strives to make the 'prisoners' voice' come alive for regular college students. The book starts off by tracing shifts in social definitions of criminality, and lays out the premises of the U.S. incarceration binge in the 1986 War on Drugs laws and subsequent mandatory sentencing and policing. Later chapters discuss issues such as leaving home, cell life, correctional officers and treatment, the homosexual prisoner, and drugs. Furthermore, the book discusses the teachers' experiences via author narrative essays that draw the reader into prisoner student and prisoner teacher interaction, and what it is like inside prison college classes where both young and older black prisoner students describe growing up in the inner cities. The book also draws upon over sixty prisoner essays that provide insight on prisoner life and self-concept with insights on pathways to prison, drug selling, the inner city and guns. There is also a strong focus on the 'inside' experiences of entering prison and orientation, daily work routine, correctional officers and surreptitious activities like cell cooking and contraband. These essays are capped by prisoner critiques of prison life from those still in the system. The Prisoners' World serves as a successful supplemental book whose material has proven useful in undergraduate criminal justice classes. As college students themselves, on-campus students in these classes will identify with the prisoner-student voices who share their experiences but in a radically different environment.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Guide to the Criminal Justice System for General Government Elected Officials Vivian E. Watts, 1993
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Covid-19 Lockdown Kumar Abhinav, 2021-09-17 “Crime doesn’t exist in black and white, but is born out of a grey area that needs to be analysed through a gendered, intersectional perspective.” However, these days a common belief is called – there’s a shift in penal philosophy from deterrence to reformation with the enactment of ‘The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958,’ and the various amendments in CrPC. Still, large numbers of young, first-time and petty offenders continue to form the main bulk of overcrowding figures in the prison population of the country. Just by turning the pages of the newspaper with a distracted mind, suddenly the eyes tickle on a news... When a pregnant 26-year-old woman walked into Byculla Women’s Jail in 2013, accused of being a Naxalite, the other inmates cautioned her to be extremely careful and not draw the ire of the prison officials. She wouldn’t be given nutritious food and had to be lucky if they took her to a hospital before her water broke. Are our prison world still the laboratories of torture?
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Penal Systems Michael Cavadino, James Dignan, 2005-10-26 ′Cavadino and Dignan′s Penal Systems: A Comparative Approach looks across national boundaries to see how penal systems differ and why. It is hands-down the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on the subject and should become a staple textbook for use in law and social science courses on comparative penal policy and practice′ - Michael H. Tonry, University of Minnesota ′This book is an important addition to the literature on punishment. It is a highly readable and very well researched overview of some of the major differences in punitiveness between neo-liberal, corporatist and social democratic countries... This is a major contribution to comparative penology by two of the leading authors in this field′ - Alison Liebling, Director of the Prisons Research Centre, UK ′A major and seminal work′ - David Downes, Professor Emeritus at the London School of Economics Penal Systems: A Comparative Approach is a comprehensive and original introduction to the comparative study of punishment. Analysing twelve countries, Cavadino and Dignan offer an integrated and theoretically rigorous approach to comparative penology. They draw upon material provided by a team of eminent penologists to produce an important and highly readable contribution to scholarship in this area. Early chapters introduce the reader to comparative penology, set out the theoretical framework and consider whether there is currently a ′global penal crisis′. Each country is then discussed in turn. Chapters on comparative youth justice and the privatization of prisons follow. Comparisons between countries are drawn within each chapter, giving the reader a synoptic and truly comparative vision of penality in different jurisdictions.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Tales of the World's Most Dangerous Prisons Hseham Amrahs, 2024-01-10 inmates and the unique dynamics of each perilous environment. The narrative takes readers on a journey across continents, exploring the chilling atmospheres of maximum-security prisons that have gained notoriety for their formidable reputation. Through vivid storytelling, the book paints a detailed picture of life behind bars, depicting the struggles, dangers, and human stories that unfold within the confines of these formidable institutions. Each chapter of the book is a standalone tale, focusing on a different dangerous prison and its distinctive challenges. From high-security facilities notorious for housing the most dangerous criminals to prisons plagued by corruption and violence, the narratives are both enlightening and disturbing. Readers are immersed in the stark realities faced by inmates, shedding light on the impact of incarceration on individuals and the broader society. The book doesn't merely recount the harsh conditions and dangers within these prisons but also explores the systemic issues that contribute to their notoriety. It delves into the socio-political and economic factors that underpin the existence of these dangerous institutions, raising questions about the efficacy of punitive measures and the possibilities for reform.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Social Reintegration of Offenders and Crime Prevention Curt Taylor Griffiths, Yvon Dandurand, Danielle Murdoch, 2007
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Conformity of COVID-19 responses in Africa through the prism of international human rights law Kwadwo Appiagyei-Atua, 2024-03-11 The book, Conformity of COVID-19 responses in Africa through the prism of international human rights law, provides useful insights into the subject-matter of COVID-19 from African perspectives on international law, human rights and democracy through detailed analyses of data, instruments, documents and events connected with the pandemic. The cutting-edge analyses by the contributors help to provide useful information on the human rights preparedness of African states to deal with pandemics, the limitations or restrictions imposed on human rights by African governments and the violations of human rights that took place during the pandemic; and whether the continent has learnt any useful lessons based on past experiences.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Public-private Policy Partnerships Pauline Vaillancourt Rosenau, 2000 The first book to evaluate public-private partnerships in a broad range of policy areas.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Locked In John Pfaff, 2017-02-07 A groundbreaking reassessment of the American prison system, challenging the widely accepted explanations for our exploding incarceration rates In Locked In, John Pfaff argues that the factors most commonly cited to explain mass incarceration -- the failed War on Drugs, draconian sentencing laws, an increasing reliance on private prisons -- tell us much less than we think. Instead, Pfaff urges us to look at other factors, especially a major shift in prosecutor behavior that occurred in the mid-1990s, when prosecutors began bringing felony charges against arrestees about twice as often as they had before. An authoritative, clear-eyed account of a national catastrophe, Locked In is a must-read for anyone who dreams of an America that is not the world's most imprisoned nation (Chris Hayes, author of A Colony in a Nation). It transforms our understanding of what ails the American system of punishment and ultimately forces us to reconsider how we can build a more equitable and humane society.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices , 2009
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Drunk Driver and Jail , 1986
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: The Drunk Driver and Jail: The drunk driver and the jail problem , 1986
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: ABA Journal , 1988-10-01 The ABA Journal serves the legal profession. Qualified recipients are lawyers and judges, law students, law librarians and associate members of the American Bar Association.
  how to solve overcrowding in prisons: Prisons 2000 Peter Francis, Roger Matthews, 1996-07-13 A collection of original articles from a number of the world's leading authorities on imprisonment. The aim of the book is to review the current state of imprisonment around the world and to look at possible future developments. The underlying theme of the book is that imprisonment is undergoing a significant change in a number of different countries and that there are important lessons which can be learned from the analysis of these changes. At the same time this book is perceived as a 'state of the art' collection which provides an informed and comprehensive analysis of the major aspects of imprisonment. Consequently the book should be of interest to a wide-ranging international audience of academic researchers and policy-makers as well as students.