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How Much is the Natera Panorama Test? A Comprehensive Cost Guide
Introduction:
Are you considering the Natera Panorama test for non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS)? Understanding the cost is a crucial first step. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the pricing of the Natera Panorama test, exploring factors that influence the final cost, offering tips for navigating insurance coverage, and providing alternative screening options. We'll equip you with the knowledge to make an informed decision about your prenatal care.
What is the Natera Panorama Test?
The Natera Panorama test is a non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) test that analyzes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in a pregnant person's blood to assess the risk of common chromosomal abnormalities in the developing fetus. Unlike invasive procedures like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS), it's a simple blood draw with minimal risk. The test screens for conditions such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), as well as sex chromosome abnormalities. The Panorama test often also includes screening for certain microdeletions. It's important to remember that while highly accurate in identifying high-risk pregnancies, it's a screening test, not a diagnostic test. A positive result requires further testing to confirm the diagnosis.
How Much Does the Natera Panorama Test Cost Out-of-Pocket?
The out-of-pocket cost of the Natera Panorama test varies significantly depending on several factors. The base price itself can range from approximately $800 to $1200, but this is just a starting point. Several factors can increase or decrease the final price:
Geographic Location: Pricing can vary based on your location and the specific laboratory performing the test.
Insurance Coverage: Whether your insurance covers the test, and to what extent, plays a massive role. Some insurance plans may cover the entire cost, while others may only cover a portion, leaving you responsible for a significant copay or deductible.
Additional Tests: If your doctor orders additional tests alongside the Panorama test, this will increase the total cost.
Laboratory Fees: Additional laboratory fees can sometimes apply, depending on the specific lab used.
Navigating Insurance Coverage for the Natera Panorama Test:
Before undergoing the test, it's crucial to contact your insurance provider. Gather your insurance information (policy number, group number, etc.) and inquire about coverage for the Natera Panorama test specifically. Ask about:
Pre-authorization: Many insurance plans require pre-authorization before covering the test. Failure to obtain pre-authorization could result in higher out-of-pocket expenses.
In-network providers: Using an in-network laboratory and healthcare provider can often reduce costs.
Copay and Deductible: Understand your copay and deductible amounts to estimate your potential out-of-pocket expenses.
Appeals process: If your insurance denies coverage, understand their appeals process.
Alternatives to the Natera Panorama Test:
While the Natera Panorama test is a popular NIPS option, other NIPS tests exist, offering varying price points and features. These include:
Harmony Test: Another popular NIPS test offering similar screening capabilities.
MaterniT21 PLUS: A commonly used NIPS test with a comparable price range.
Cell-Free DNA Screening from other labs: Many labs provide their own versions of the test, potentially with varying prices.
It's wise to compare the cost and features of these alternatives with your doctor to determine the best option for your specific circumstances and budget.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Prenatal Screening Test:
Beyond the cost, consider these factors when selecting a prenatal screening test:
Accuracy Rates: Compare the sensitivity and specificity of different tests.
Screening for additional conditions: Some tests screen for a wider range of chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletions.
Turnaround time: Consider how long it takes to receive results.
Doctor's recommendations: Your doctor's expertise and recommendation are crucial.
Conclusion:
Determining the precise cost of the Natera Panorama test requires careful consideration of your insurance coverage, geographic location, and any additional tests. Proactive communication with your insurance provider and a thorough comparison of available options are essential to make an informed decision that balances cost and your healthcare needs.
Article Outline:
I. Introduction: Hooking the reader and overview of the article.
II. Understanding the Natera Panorama Test: Explanation of the test and its purpose.
III. Cost Breakdown of the Natera Panorama Test: Detailed breakdown of factors affecting cost.
IV. Navigating Insurance Coverage: Steps to take to understand and maximize insurance coverage.
V. Alternatives to Natera Panorama: Exploring other NIPS test options.
VI. Factors Beyond Cost: Considering other aspects besides pricing when choosing a test.
VII. Conclusion: Recap and actionable advice.
VIII. FAQs
IX. Related Articles
(The content above expands on each point of this outline.)
FAQs:
1. Is the Natera Panorama test covered by Medicaid? Coverage varies by state and Medicaid plan; contacting your specific Medicaid provider is crucial.
2. Can I use a Flexible Spending Account (FSA) or Health Savings Account (HSA) to pay for the Panorama test? Generally, yes, provided your plan allows it and the test is considered medically necessary.
3. What happens if the Natera Panorama test comes back positive? A positive result necessitates further diagnostic testing, such as amniocentesis or CVS, for confirmation.
4. How accurate is the Natera Panorama test? The accuracy varies depending on the condition being screened, but it generally boasts high detection rates for common trisomies.
5. How long does it take to get the results of the Natera Panorama test? Results typically take several weeks.
6. Is the Natera Panorama test safe? The test is considered safe; it involves a simple blood draw and carries minimal risk.
7. Can the Natera Panorama test detect all genetic abnormalities? No, it primarily screens for common chromosomal abnormalities and some microdeletions, not all possible genetic conditions.
8. Can I take the Natera Panorama test at any point during my pregnancy? The test is typically performed between 10 and 22 weeks of gestation, but consult your doctor for specific recommendations.
9. What if I can't afford the Natera Panorama test? Discuss payment options with your healthcare provider and explore financial assistance programs.
Related Articles:
1. Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): A Comprehensive Guide: An overview of all NIPT options.
2. Amniocentesis vs. CVS: Which Prenatal Test is Right for You?: Comparing invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures.
3. Understanding False Positives and False Negatives in Prenatal Screening: Discusses the limitations of screening tests.
4. Prenatal Genetic Counseling: What to Expect and Why it Matters: The importance of genetic counseling.
5. The Cost of Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Details on the cost of invasive tests.
6. Choosing the Right Prenatal Screening Test Based on Your Risk Factors: Tailoring screening based on individual risk.
7. Dealing with Anxiety During Prenatal Testing: Addressing emotional concerns during the testing process.
8. Navigating Insurance Coverage for Prenatal Care: A comprehensive guide to insurance and prenatal services.
9. What to Expect After a Positive Prenatal Screening Test: Guidance on next steps after receiving a high-risk result.
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| how much is natera panorama test: Expecting Better Emily Oster, 2013-08-20 “Emily Oster is the non-judgmental girlfriend holding our hand and guiding us through pregnancy and motherhood. She has done the work to get us the hard facts in a soft, understandable way.” —Amy Schumer *Fully Revised and Updated for 2021* What to Expect When You're Expecting meets Freakonomics: an award-winning economist disproves standard recommendations about pregnancy to empower women while they're expecting. From the author of Cribsheet and The Family Firm, a data-driven decision making guide to the early years of parenting Pregnancy—unquestionably one of the most profound, meaningful experiences of adulthood—can reduce otherwise intelligent women to, well, babies. Pregnant women are told to avoid cold cuts, sushi, alcohol, and coffee without ever being told why these are forbidden. Rules for prenatal testing are similarly unexplained. Moms-to-be desperately want a resource that empowers them to make their own right choices. When award-winning economist Emily Oster was a mom-to-be herself, she evaluated the data behind the accepted rules of pregnancy, and discovered that most are often misguided and some are just flat-out wrong. Debunking myths and explaining everything from the real effects of caffeine to the surprising dangers of gardening, Expecting Better is the book for every pregnant woman who wants to enjoy a healthy and relaxed pregnancy—and the occasional glass of wine. |
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| how much is natera panorama test: To Test or Not To Test Doris Teichler Zallen, 2008-09-29 Tests are a standard part of modern medicine. We willingly screen our blood, urine, vision, and hearing, and submit to a host of other exams with names so complicated that we can only refer to them by their initials: PET, ECG, CT, and MRI. Genetic tests of our risks for disease are the latest trend in medicine, touted as an approach to informed and targeted treatment. They offer hope for some, but also raise medical, ethical, and psychological concerns for many including when genetic information is worth having. To Test or Not to Test arms readers with questions that should be considered before they pursue genetic screening. Am I at higher risk for a disorder? Can genetic testing give me useful information? Is the timing right for testing? Do the benefits of having the genetic information outweigh the problems that testing can bring? Determining the answers to these questions is no easy task. In this highly readable book, Doris Teichler Zallen provides a template that can guide individuals and families through the decision-making process and offers additional resources where they can gain more information. She shares interviews with genetic specialists, doctors, and researchers, as well as the personal stories of nearly 100 people who have faced genetic-testing decisions. Her examples focus on genetic testing for four types of illnesses: breast/ovarian cancer (different disorders but closely connected), colon cancer, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, and hereditary hemochromatosis. From the more common diseases to the rare hereditary conditions, we learn what genetic screening is all about and what it can tell us about our risks. Given that we are now bombarded with ads in magazines and on television hawking the importance of pursuing genetic-testing, it is critical that we approach this tough issue with an arsenal of good information. To Test or Not to Test is an essential consumer tool-kit for the genetic decision-making process. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Fetal Medicine Zarko Alfirevic, Seshadri Suresh, Jonathan Hyett, 2023-05-31 Evidence-based clinical guidelines are designed to provide systematically developed recommendations to assist clinicians and their patients in making decisions about appropriate treatment for specific conditions. While these may often be widely available, nowhere are they collated into a single, practical text. This book will fill this need for those working in maternal-fetal medicine, comprehensively covering the conditions, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by those working in fetal care. Presented in highly illustrated, algorithm format with fetograms and autopsy correlations included, this book will aid in the diagnosis, investigation, counselling and therapeutic options for the management of fetal abnormalities and disorders. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Advances in Clinical Chemistry , 2016-04-25 Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 74, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians, and research scientists. This serial discusses the latest and most up-to-date technologies related to the field of clinical chemistry and is the benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory. - Contains the expertise of international contributors - Provides the latest cutting-edge technologies in the field - Authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians, and research scientists |
| how much is natera panorama test: Beyond Bioethics Osagie K. Obasogie, Marcy Darnovsky, 2018-03-13 For several decades, the field of bioethics has played a dominant role in shaping the way society thinks about ethical problems related to developments in science, technology, and medicine. But its traditional emphases on, for example, doctor-patient relationships, informed consent, and individual autonomy have led the field to not be fully responsive to the challenges posed by new human biotechnologies such as assisted reproduction, human genetic enhancement, and DNA forensics. Beyond Bioethics provides a focused overview for students and others grappling with the profound social dilemmas posed by these developments. It brings together the work of cutting-edge thinkers from diverse fields of study and public engagement, all of them committed to a new perspective that is grounded in social justice and public interest values. The contributors to this volume seek to define an emerging field of scholarly, policy, and public concern: a new biopolitics.--Provided by publisher. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Transesophageal Echocardiography for Congenital Heart Disease Pierre C. Wong, Wanda C. Miller-Hance, 2013-12-20 Transesophageal Echocardiography for Congenital Heart Disease represents a unique contribution as the only contemporary reference to focus exclusively on the clinical applications of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in congenital heart disease (CHD). Written by numerous prominent specialists and renowned leaders in the field, it presents a comprehensive, modern, and integrated review of the subject in light of the cumulative experience and most recent advances in the technology. Topics related to CHD include: (1) physics and instrumentation of TEE, particularly as they apply to the structural evaluation; (2) specialized aspects of the examination, with emphases on technical considerations pertinent to both pediatric and adult patients with congenital cardiovascular pathology; (3) segmental approach to diagnosis and functional assessment; (4) extensive discussion of the TEE evaluation of the many anomalies encompassing the CHD spectrum; (5) use of the imaging modality in the perioperative and interventional settings; and (6) important aspects of 3D TEE evaluation. Richly illustrated by more than 700 figures/illustrations and 400 videos, this textbook will serve as an indispensable resource for all who use TEE in the care of both children and adults with CHD, from the novice to the expert. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Clinical Applications for Next-Generation Sequencing Urszula Demkow, Rafal Ploski, 2015-09-10 Clinical Applications for Next Generation Sequencing provides readers with an outstanding postgraduate resource to learn about the translational use of NGS in clinical environments. Rooted in both medical genetics and clinical medicine, the book fills the gap between state-of-the-art technology and evidence-based practice, providing an educational opportunity for users to advance patient care by transferring NGS to the needs of real-world patients. The book builds an interface between genetic laboratory staff and clinical health workers to not only improve communication, but also strengthen cooperation. Users will find valuable tactics they can use to build a systematic framework for understanding the role of NGS testing in both common and rare diseases and conditions, from prenatal care, like chromosomal abnormalities, up to advanced age problems like dementia. - Fills the gap between state-of-the-art technology and evidence-based practice - Provides an educational opportunity which advances patient care through the transfer of NGS to real-world patient assessment - Promotes a practical tool that clinicians can apply directly to patient care - Includes a systematic framework for understanding the role of NGS testing in many common and rare diseases - Presents evidence regarding the important role of NGS in current diagnostic strategies |
| how much is natera panorama test: Genomic Applications in Pathology George Jabboure Netto, Karen L. Kaul, 2018-12-10 The recent advances in genomics are continuing to reshape our approach to diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics in oncologic and other disorders. A paradigm shift in pharmacogenomics and in the diagnosis of genetic inherited diseases and infectious diseases is unfolding as the result of implementation of next generation genomic technologies. With rapidly growing knowledge and applications driving this revolution, along with significant technologic and cost changes, genomic approaches are becoming the primary methods in many laboratories and for many diseases. As a result, a plethora of clinical genomic applications have been implemented in diagnostic pathology laboratories, and the applications and demands continue to evolve rapidly. This has created a tremendous need for a comprehensive resource on genomic applications in clinical and anatomic pathology. We believe that our current textbook provides such a resource to practicing molecular pathologists, hematopathologists and other subspecialized pathologists, general pathologists, pathology and other trainees, oncologists, geneticists and a growing spectrum of other clinicians. With periodic updates and a sufficiently rapid time from submission to publication, this textbook will be the resource of choice for many professionals and teaching programs. Its focus on genomics parallels the evolution of these technologies as primary methods in the clinical lab. The rapid evolution of genomics and its applications in medicine necessitates the (frequent) updating of this publication. This text will provide a state-of-the art review of the scientific principles underlying next generation genomic technologies and the required bioinformatics approaches to analyses of the daunting amount of data generated by current and emerging genomic technologies. Implementation roadmaps for various clinical assays such as single gene, gene panels, whole exome and whole genome assays will be discussed together with issues related to reporting and the pathologist’s role in interpretation and clinical integration of genomic tests results. Genomic applications for site-specific solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms will be detailed. Genomic applications in pharmacogenomics, inherited genetic diseases and infectious diseases will also be discussed. The latest iteration of practice recommendations or guidelines in genomic testing put forth by stakeholder professional organizations such as the College of American Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology, will be discussed as well as regulatory issues and laboratory accreditation related to genomic testing. All chapters will be written by experts in their fields and will include the most up to date scientific and clinical information. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Gardner and Sutherland's Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling R. J. McKinlay Gardner, David J. Amor, 2018 Even as classic cytogenetics has given way to molecular karyotyping, and as new deletion and duplication syndromes are identified almost every day, the fundamental role of the genetics clinic remains mostly unchanged. Genetic counselors and medical geneticists explain the unexplainable, helping families understand why abnormalities occur and whether they're likely to occur again. Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling is the genetics professional's definitive guide to navigating both chromosome disorders and the clinical questions of the families they impact. Combining a primer on these disorders with the most current approach to their best clinical approaches, this classic text is more than just a reference; it is a guide to how to think about these disorders, even as our technical understanding of them continues to evolve. Completely updated and still infused with the warmth and voice that have made it essential reading for professionals across medical genetics, this edition of Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling represents a leap forward in clinical understanding and communication. It is, as ever, essential reading for the field. |
| how much is natera panorama test: The Fast Track to New Skills María Marta Ferreyra, Lelys Dinarte Díaz, Sergio Urzúa, 2021-11-09 Short-cycle higher education programs (SCPs) form skilled human capital in two or three years. Through original empirical research, this book explores SCPs? outcomes and returns, their supply, and what makes them good. It draws attention towards a higher education sector that has been typically overlooked in research and policy. |
| how much is natera panorama test: The Social and Applied Psychology of Music Adrian North, David Hargreaves, 2008-04-10 The Social and Applied Psychology of Music is the successor to the bestselling and influential The Social Psychology of Music. It considers the value of music in everyday life, answering some of the perennial questions about music. It is required reading for anyone seeking to understand the role of music in our daily lives. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics and Genomics Reed E. Pyeritz, Bruce R. Korf, Wayne W. Grody, 2021-11-02 **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Clinical Genetics** Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics and Genomics: Perinatal and Reproductive Genetics, Seventh Edition includes the latest information on seminal topics such as prenatal diagnosis, genome and exome sequencing, public health genetics, genetic counseling, and management and treatment strategies in this growing field. The book is ideal for medical students, residents, physicians and researchers involved in the care of patients with genetic conditions. This comprehensive, yet practical resource emphasizes theory and research fundamentals related to applications of medical genetics across the full spectrum of inherited disorders and applications to medicine more broadly. Chapters from leading international researchers and clinicians focus on topics ranging from single gene testing to whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, gene therapy, genome editing approaches, FDA regulations on genomic testing and therapeutics, and ethical aspects of employing genomic technologies. - Fully revised and up-to-date, this new edition introduces genetic researchers, students and healthcare professionals to genomic technologies, testing and therapeutic applications - Examines key topics and developing methods within genomic testing and therapeutics, including single gene testing, whole genome and whole exome sequencing, gene therapy and genome editing, variant Interpretation and classification, and ethical aspects of applying genomic technologies - Includes color images that support the identification, concept illustration, and method of processing - Features contributions by leading international researchers and practitioners of medical genetics - Provides a robust companion website that offers further teaching tools and links to outside resources and articles to stay up-to-date on the latest developments in the field |
| how much is natera panorama test: Reproductive Genetics Sean Kehoe, Lyn Chitty, Tessa Homfray, 2009-11 This book presents the findings of the RCOG Study Group findings on genetics underlying reproductive function. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Business Excellence (Деловое совершенство) No 7 (193) 2014 , 2022-05-15 «Business Excellence» – ежемесячный деловой журнал, издаваемый «РИА Стандарты и качество». Ранее назывался «Деловое совершенство». Журнал креативных идей для бизнеса, практический опыт специалистов мирового уровня в области менеджмента и кейсы из их повседневной практики. Незаменимый инструмент, который поможет уверенно реализовать стратегию успеха.В постоянных рубриках журнала: «Персона», «Стратегемы», «Дело», «За рубежом», «Инструменты» интервью с руководителями предприятий-лидеров отрасли, дискуссии о проблемах стратегического управления компанией и т.п.Главная тема: • Медицина будущего: новые возможности для бизнесаи многое другое! |
| how much is natera panorama test: National Midwifery Guidelines for Consultation and Referral Megan Cooper, 2021-09 |
| how much is natera panorama test: Everyday Writing Center Anne Ellen Geller, Michele Eodice, Frankie Condon, Meg Carroll, Elizabeth H. Boquet, 2007-04-01 In a landmark collaboration, five co-authors develop a theme of ordinary disruptions (the everyday) as a source of provocative learning moments that can liberate both student writers and writing center staff. At the same time, the authors parlay Etienne Wenger’s concept of community of practice into an ethos of a dynamic, learner-centered pedagogy that is especially well-suited to the peculiar teaching situation of the writing center. They push themselves and their field toward deeper, more significant research, more self-conscious teaching. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Fetal Medicine E-Book Pranav P Pandya, Ronald Wapner, Dick Oepkes, Neil Sebire, 2019-02-09 Covering pertinent basic science and offering today's most authoritative guidance on clinical management, Fetal Medicine, 3rd Edition, is a must-have resource for obstetricians and other healthcare professionals involved in care of the fetus. An international team of expert contributors delivers the knowledge and background you need to effectively diagnose and treat fetal disorders – everything from prenatal screening and diagnostic tests to common and rare prenatal conditions, early pregnancy loss, ethical issues, and much more. - Focuses on fetal medicine throughout, bringing you today's most reliable information in both basic science and clinical topics. - Offers updated information from cover to cover, including new coverage of genetics, embryology, and clinical management. - Features new self-assessment questions and new images throughout – for a total of nearly 1,000 photographs and line drawings, as well as more than 150 quick-reference tables. - Details fast-changing developments in fetal medicine, including advances in ultrasound imaging, cytogenetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. - Helps you learn and retrieve complex information quickly thanks to succinct, highly structured text; key points at the beginning of each chapter; and concise chapter summaries. New editor team – 3 new editors with an international approach – they will select qualified authors who can discuss the basic science as well as the clinical aspects of perinatal problems Updated knowledge content – major areas of change are non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and genetic testing – Ron Wapner is one of the leaders in these fields Expert Consult access – individual electronic access for the first time 4-color design – current design is b&w so will update with new colors and colorize the drawings. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Amerika, Land der unbegrenzten gendiagnostischen Möglichkeiten? Claudia Henze, 2016-03-01 Das Buch gewährt einen umfassenden Überblick über den Status quo der U.S.-amerikanischen Rechtslage zu Humangentests, die in der Medizin zum Einsatz kommen. Die U.S.A. nehmen auf dem Gebiet der Humangenetik und in der Übertragung der erzielten Forschungsergebnisse in die medizinische Praxis international eine Spitzenposition ein. Ausdruck dieser überragenden Stellung der Vereinigten Staaten ist, dass die dort entwickelten Erbguttests und Verfahren weltweit genutzt werden. Dies gilt neben Verbrauchergentests von U.S.-Anbietern auch für klinische Gentests, die Mediziner außerhalb der U.S.A. bei ihren Patienten veranlassen und anschließend zur Auswertung an ein Labor des U.S.-Testherstellers schicken. Die Autorin untersucht im Hinblick auf diese internationale Dimension insbesondere, inwieweit die Qualitätssicherung humangendiagnostischer Tests, der Schutz vor genetischer Diskriminierung sowie die Vertraulichkeit genetischer Gesundheitsdaten in den Vereinigten Staaten gewährleistet sind. |
| how much is natera panorama test: The Border and Its Bodies Thomas E. Sheridan, Randall H. McGuire, 2019-11-12 The Border and Its Bodies examines the impact of migration from Central America and México to the United States on the most basic social unit possible: the human body. It explores the terrible toll migration takes on the bodies of migrants—those who cross the border and those who die along the way—and discusses the treatment of those bodies after their remains are discovered in the desert. The increasingly militarized U.S.-México border is an intensely physical place, affecting the bodies of all who encounter it. The essays in this volume explore how crossing becomes embodied in individuals, how that embodiment transcends the crossing of the line, and how it varies depending on subject positions and identity categories, especially race, class, and citizenship. Timely and wide-ranging, this book brings into focus the traumatic and real impact the border can have on those who attempt to cross it, and it offers new perspectives on the effects for rural communities and ranchers. An intimate and profoundly human look at migration, The Border and Its Bodies reminds us of the elemental fact that the border touches us all. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Political Leadership, Parties and Citizens Jean Blondel, Jean-Louis Thiebault, 2009-12-04 Social structure may historically have been of primary importance in accounting for the attitudes and behaviour of many citizens, but now changes in social structure have diminished the role played by class and religious affiliation, whilst the significance of personality in political leadership has increased. This volume explores, both theoretically and empirically, the increasingly important role played by the personalisation of leadership. Acknowledging the part played by social cleavages, it focuses on the personal relationships and psychological dimension between citizens and political leaders. It begins by examining the changes which have taken place in the relationship among citizens, the parties which they support and the leaders of these parties in a European context. The authors then assess how far the phenomena of ‘personalised leadership’ differ from country to country, and the forms which these differences take. The book includes comparative case studies on Britain and Northern Ireland, France, Italy, Poland, Japan and Thailand; it concentrates on eleven prominent leaders epitomising personalised political leadership: Thatcher, Blair, Mitterand, Chirac, Le Pen, Berlusconi, Bossi, Walesa, Lepper, Koizumi and Thaksin. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, comparative politics and political leadership. |
| how much is natera panorama test: Human Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics Peter C.K. Leung, Jie Qiao, 2018-08-28 Human Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics presents the latest material from a detailed molecular, cellular and translational perspective. Considering its timeliness and potential international impact, this all-inclusive and authoritative work is ideal for researchers, students, and clinicians worldwide. Currently, there are no comprehensive books covering the field of human reproductive and prenatal genetics. As such, this book aims to be among the largest and most useful references available. Named a Highly Commended book in the Basic and Clinical Sciences by the British Medical Association. - Features chapter contributions from leading international scientists and clinicians - Provides in-depth coverage of key topics in human reproductive and prenatal genetics, including genetic controls, fertilization and implantation, in vitro culture of the human embryo for the study of post-implantation development, and more - Identifies how researchers and clinicians can implement the latest genetic, epigenetic, and –omics based approaches |
| how much is natera panorama test: 嬰兒與母親 03月號／ 2017 第485期 陳子玄 人生回甘「甘味」人生 嬰兒與母親雜誌社, 2017-03-01 孕媽咪注意！ 28 18項高危險妊娠疾病×必知對策 Q＆A 這樣當父母最聰明！ 54嬰幼兒照顧20問 白色情人節特輯 新婚磨合期X幼兒養育期X家庭鞏固期 186 3階段婚姻問題 專家教戰 焦點話題 本季流行小兒疾病全攻略 204搞懂「春季病」 春遊超Happy！ 懷孕百科 孕婦錦囊 吃對了，孕期好輕鬆！ 76失眠、脹氣、抽筋…怎麼吃比較好？ 超音波預估誤差小！ 92胎兒體重怎麼算？ 切勿自行診斷 98揪出孕期腹痛原因 準媽咪別慌！ 106解決懷孕常見乳房問題 怎樣提高受孕率？ 112多囊性卵巢症候群7病因 生產先修班 準爸爸看過來 122 Let’s go！老公陪產去！ 產後門診 讓頭髮閃閃發亮 126改善產後落髮10個小祕訣 育兒百科 七大策略！ 132減少寶寶過敏原 醫師來解答！ 139為什麼新生兒容易有黃疸？ 育兒觀察站 142寶寶的觸覺&嗅覺發展 陪孩子茁壯成長 147呵護寶貝的脊椎發育 厭奶、奶瓶孔洞選擇… 153寶寶喝配方奶Q&A Don’t Worry！ 156把握玫瑰疹照護3關鍵 媽咪Hood smart媽咪 當個水媽咪！ 160惱人的妊娠紋Q＆A 蔬食料理當道！ 食尚新選擇 164孕婦&寶寶，如何健康吃素？ 恭喜Baby滿月了！ 170彌月禮，這樣挑選就對了 盜汗、失眠、焦慮、月經紊亂… 178這些早更症狀 妳中了幾個？ 媽咪私房菜 孕期健康養胎餐 ＋產後營養元氣餐 184木耳粉絲高麗菜捲、日式蔬菜煮 新知快遞 214疫情延燒！如何預防禽流感 名人部落格 女王傳授完勝密技 219婆媳相處學問大 小心機創雙贏 夫妻眼中的幸福 222妮妮來了！ 人氣部落客 224媽媽是親親魔人！ 專欄 全球小兒NEWS 211兒童飲食失調的判定及治療 全球婦產NEWS 212孕期運動可以減少剖腹生產 讀者園地 8 讀者回響 18生之喜悅 213媽咪讀書會 236 孕味媽咪 237 壽星娃娃 238 可愛寶寶 240 親子樂 孕婦walker 125孕產諮詢站 159小兒諮詢站 203醫師開講 241 消費短波 244 媽媽教室 |
